Facing Humanness: Facial Width-to-Height Ratio Predicts Ascriptions of Humanity
Facing Humanness: Facial Width-to-Height Ratio Predicts Ascriptions of Humanity
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DOI：
10.1037/pspi0000110
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Hugenberg, Kurt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deska, Jason C.;Lloyd, E. Paige;Hugenberg, Kurt
将心智归因于他人是社会认知的核心。大多数关于心灵归因的研究都集中在有动机的、自上而下的过程上。目前的工作提供了新的证据，证明面部宽高比（fWHR）是人类自下而上的感知信号。使用一系列经过充分验证的人性操作定义，我们在 5 项研究中提供了证据，表明与 fWHR 相对较低的对应面孔相比，fWHR 相对较高的目标面孔被视为不完全是人类。然后，我们提出了两项辅助研究，探讨 fWHR 与人类性的联系是否是由文献中先前建立的 fWHR 性状联系介导的。最后，另外 3 项研究将 fWHR-人性联系扩展到人性测量之外，证明 fWHR-人性联系对下游社会判断产生影响，包括人们被认为犯下的犯罪类型以及他们似乎有帮助的社会任务。简而言之，我们为以下假设提供了证据：面部宽高比相对较大的人通常不具备复杂的、类人的思维。
The ascription of mind to others is central to social cognition. Most research on the ascription of mind has focused on motivated, top-down processes. The current work provides novel evidence that facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) serves as a bottom-up perceptual signal of humanness. Using a range of well-validated operational definitions of humanness, we provide evidence across 5 studies that target faces with relatively greater fWHR are seen as less than fully human compared with their relatively lower fWHR counterparts. We then present 2 ancillary studies exploring whether the fWHR-to-humanness link is mediated by previously established fWHR-trait links in the literature. Finally, 3 additional studies extend this fWHR-humanness link beyond measurements of humanness, demonstrating that the fWHR-humanness link has consequences for downstream social judgments including the sorts of crimes people are perceived to be guilty of and the social tasks for which they seem helpful. In short, we provide evidence for the hypothesis that individuals with relatively greater facial width-to-height ratio are routinely denied sophisticated, humanlike minds.