The Function-Inversion Problem: Barriers and Opportunities

The Function-Inversion Problem: Barriers and Opportunities
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函数反演问题:障碍与机遇

DOI:
10.1007/978-3-030-36030-6_16
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
Electron. Colloquium Comput. Complex.
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Dmitry Kogan
Dmitry Kogan
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
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作者:
Henry Corrigan;Dmitry Kogan

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函数求逆的任务是密码分析的核心:破解分组密码、伪造签名和破解密码散列都是函数求逆问题的特殊情况。在1980年,Hellman证明了在时间T = \widetilde{O}(N^{2/3})\)中反转随机函数\(f{:}\,[N] \rightarrow [N]\)是可能的,只需要\(S = \widetilde {O}(N ^{2/3})\)位关于f的预先计算的建议。Hellman算法是流行的“Rainbow Tables”技术(Oechslin 2003)的基础,它实现了相同的渐近成本,并广泛用于实际的密码分析。
The task of function inversion is central to cryptanalysis: breaking block ciphers, forging signatures, and cracking password hashes are all special cases of the function-inversion problem. In 1980, Hellman showed that it is possible to invert a random function \(f{:}\,[N] \rightarrow [N]\) in time \(T = \widetilde{O}(N^{2/3})\) given only \(S = \widetilde{O}(N^{2/3})\) bits of precomputed advice about f. Hellman’s algorithm is the basis for the popular “Rainbow Tables” technique (Oechslin 2003), which achieves the same asymptotic cost and is widely used in practical cryptanalysis.
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