Mountain Villages in the 21st Century in Japan
Mountain Villages in the 21st Century in Japan
复制标题
21世纪的日本山村
DOI：
10.5026/jgeography.113.2_235
复制
发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
H. Okahashi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Okahashi
在日本，山村在经济高速增长时期人口流失严重。为此，中央针对山村洼地采取政策，投入大量财政资金改善落后条件。新落户的制造业和建筑业极大地重建了当地经济。然而，维持山区社区的经济体系在 20 世纪 90 年代之后面临着越来越多的困难。另一方面，平成时代的大合并正在进行，涉及山区的小市町村。1990年代，大多数山区市町村的人口继续减少，尽管三大都市圈周围的一些市镇的人口略有增长或停滞。人口的迅速老龄化至关重要，尤其是在日本西部地区。就经济衰退而言，由于工厂迅速向以中国为代表的发展中国家转移，制造业劳动力市场急剧萎缩。 1990年代初，建筑业通过公共投资维持了就业，实现了国民经济复苏。经济全球化和日本政府的结构性改革改变了山村经济。笔者提出了一种替代经济部门，即农业、林业、旅游和地方文化组成的综合文化服务业。根据合并的历史和当前的合并计划，对山区市镇的合并进行了审查。大多数山区城市将被迫合并，因为山区城市的人口规模低于1万，这是不合并生存的临界水平。这种整合存在向社会隐瞒山村社区问题的风险。作者指出了山区克服周边经济条件、保护自然生态系统的未来前景。这样的未来方向强调了全球视角的重要性，这导致了对21世纪山区的重新评估。
In Japan, mountain villages experienced serious losses of population in the period of rapid economic growth. Therefore, the central government took policies in line with depressions in mountain villages, investing a large amount of financial funds to improve backward conditions. Local economies were dramatically reconstructed by newly located manufacturing and construction industries. However, the economic system for sustaining mountain communities faced increasing difficulties after the 1990's. On the other hand, the Great Merger of the Heisei Era is under way, involving small municipalities in mountainous areas.In the 1990's, population losses continued in most mountain municipalities, although some municipalities around the three major metropolitan areas show a slight increase or tendency to stagnate. The rapid aging of the population is crucial, especially in the western part of Japan. As for the economic recession, the manufacturing labor market is shrinking sharply due to the rapid shift of factories to developing countries represented by China. The construction industry maintains employment because of public investment to achieve a national economic recovery in the early 1990's. The mountain village economy has been transformed by economic globalization and structural reforms by the Japanese government. The author proposes an alternative economic sector named the integrated cultural service industry composed of agriculture, forestry, tourism, and local culture. The consolidation of municipalities in mountainous areas is examined on the basis of the history of mergers and the present consolidation plan. Most mountain municipalities will be obliged to merge, because the population size of mountain municipalities is below 10000, which is the critical level for survival without merging. Such consolidation involves the risk of hiding the problems of mountain village communities from society. The author points out the future prospects of mountainous areas for overcoming the peripheral economic conditions and conserving natural eco-systems. Such a future direction emphasizes the significance of a global point of view, which leads to a reevaluation of mountainous areas in the 21st century.