Visual attention problems as a predictor of vehicle crashes in older drivers.
Visual attention problems as a predictor of vehicle crashes in older drivers.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
1993-10
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
K. Ball;C. Owsley;M. Sloane;D. Roenker;J. Bruni
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Ball;C. Owsley;M. Sloane;D. Roenker;J. Bruni
目的：确定与老年驾驶员车辆碰撞增加显著相关的视觉因素。方法对294例55 ~ 90岁司机的视觉及视觉信息处理进行评价。在测试日期前的5年期间，根据年龄和碰撞频率对样本进行分层。评估的变量包括眼睛健康状况、视觉感觉功能、有用视野的大小和认知状态。坠机数据来自州记录。结果：有用视场的大小是一项视觉注意测试，在预测老年驾驶员是否有碰撞问题史方面具有很高的灵敏度（89%）和特异性（81%）。这种程度的可预测性在老年司机的撞车风险研究中是前所未有的。在过去的5年里，有用视野明显缩小的老年人发生一次或多次撞车事故的可能性是普通人的6倍。眼睛健康状况、视觉感觉功能、认知状态和实足年龄与碰撞显著相关，但在区分有碰撞和无碰撞驾驶员方面相对较差。结论：这项研究表明，仅仅基于年龄或与年龄相关的视力和认知能力下降的常见刻板印象来限制驾驶特权的政策在科学上是没有根据的。通过识别一种高度预测老年人撞车问题的视觉注意力测量，本研究指出了一种方法，在这种方法中，老年人驾照的适用性可以基于客观的、基于表现的标准。
PURPOSE To identify visual factors that are significantly associated with increased vehicle crashes in older drivers. METHODS Several aspects of vision and visual information processing were assessed in 294 drivers aged 55 to 90 years. The sample was stratified with respect to age and crash frequency during the 5-year period before the test date. Variables assessed included eye health status, visual sensory function, the size of the useful field of view, and cognitive status. Crash data were obtained from state records. RESULTS The size of the useful field of view, a test of visual attention, had high sensitivity (89%) and specificity (81%) in predicting which older drivers had a history of crash problems. This level of predictability is unprecedented in research on crash risk in older drivers. Older adults with substantial shrinkage in the useful field of view were six times more likely to have incurred one or more crashes in the previous 5-year period. Eye health status, visual sensory function, cognitive status, and chronological age were significantly correlated with crashes, but were relatively poor at discriminating between crash-involved versus crash-free drivers. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that policies that restrict driving privileges based solely on age or on common stereotypes of age-related declines in vision and cognition are scientifically unfounded. With the identification of a visual attention measure highly predictive of crash problems in the elderly, this study points to a way in which the suitability of licensure in the older adult population could be based on objective, performance-based criteria.