Dynamics of cadmium accumulation and effects in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during simultaneous exposure to water and food (Tubifex tubifex)
Dynamics of cadmium accumulation and effects in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during simultaneous exposure to water and food (Tubifex tubifex)
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DOI：
10.1897/05-239r.1
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发表时间：
2006-06
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
H. Reynders;K. Van Campenhout;L. Bervoets;W. D. De Coen;R. Blust
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Reynders;K. Van Campenhout;L. Bervoets;W. D. De Coen;R. Blust
本研究探讨了鲤鱼同时暴露于受污染的水体和食物中时，暴露时间和浓度对镉积累的影响以及不良反应发生的情况。随着暴露浓度的增加（通过水暴露浓度为 9、105 和 480 μg/L，通过食物暴露浓度为 9.5、122 和 141 μg/g 干重），镉的积累模式发生变化，肝脏（尤其是肾脏）中积累的镉逐渐增多，而鳃和肠道中积累的镉逐渐减少。观察到镉暴露对血浆钙浓度的强烈浓度和时间依赖性影响，导致血浆钙浓度下降，中间组中钙浓度下降约 16%，暴露于最高镉浓度组中下降高达 50%。同样在最高暴露浓度下，钠和氯水平以及血浆渗透压显着降低，表明离子稳态受到干扰。此外，血浆丙氨酸转氨酶活性的增加表明该器官中镉的积累导致了肝脏损伤。实验结束时，还观察到了一般应激反应，例如血细胞比容、生长和死亡率下降（17%）。总而言之，这些结果表明，血浆低钙血症作为一种离子破坏现象，是镉暴露期间最敏感的影响，尽管其发生和程度都取决于暴露时间和浓度。
In this study, the influence of exposure time and concentration on the accumulation of cadmium and the occurrence of adverse effects was investigated when carp were simultaneously exposed through contaminated water and food. As exposure concentrations increased (9, 105, and 480 μg/L through water and 9.5, 122, and 141 μg/g dry weight through food) the accumulation pattern of cadmium changed, with progressively more cadmium being accumulated in the liver and especially the kidney and less in the gills and the intestine. A strong concentration‐ and time‐dependent effect of cadmium exposure on plasma calcium concentrations was observed, leading to a decrease, with approximately 16% in the mid group and up to 50% in the group exposed to the highest cadmium concentration. Also at the highest exposure concentrations, sodium and chloride levels as well as plasma osmolality were significantly reduced, indicating a disturbed ion homeostasis. Furthermore, an increase in plasma alanine transaminase activity indicated liver damage caused by the cadmium accumulation in this organ. At the end of the experiment, general stress responses such as decreased hematocrit, growth, and mortality (17%) also were observed. All together, these results suggest that plasma hypocalcemia as an ion‐disruptive phenomenon is the most sensitive effect during cadmium exposure, although the occurrence and magnitude both depend on exposure time and concentration.