Assessment of pain induced by castration in piglets:: behavioral and physiological responses over the subsequent 5 days
Assessment of pain induced by castration in piglets:: behavioral and physiological responses over the subsequent 5 days
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DOI：
10.1016/s0168-1591(03)00059-5
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发表时间：
2003-07-15
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Prunier, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hay, M;Vulin, A;Prunier, A
有证据表明，阉割会引起仔猪急性疼痛。然而，在阉割后的最初几个小时内，疼痛的持续性却鲜为人知。本试验的目的是评估断奶仔猪去势后5天内是否存在行为和/或生理上的疼痛症状。5天大的小猪要么被阉割，要么被假阉割，要么不受干扰地留在猪圈里。处理在窝内进行。行为观察采用两种方法：白天使用详细的心电图扫描取样和夜间连续观察。生理反应是通过测量自发排尿中的皮质类固醇和儿茶酚胺来监测的。阉割后5天的行为观察显示，阉割后的前2.5小时，与未阉割的幼崽（NC）相比，阉割后(C)的乳房活动（按摩+哺乳）减少，醒着时也更不活跃（P < 0.001）。在整个试验过程中，C仔猪行走次数呈增加趋势（P < 0.05）。它们在治疗后的最初几个小时（萎靡不振、僵硬和颤抖）、至少2天（挠屁股和摇尾巴）或整个实验期间（蜷缩）表现出明显更多的疼痛/阉割相关行为。在尾摇方面，去势后4 d，两组间差异仍趋于显著。去势24小时后搔臀达到高峰，但在去势后第4晚仍有搔臀现象。C仔猪的社会凝聚力降低，去势后2.5 h孤立性较强（P < 0.001），去势后下午（P = 0.07）和24 h后不同步性较强（P < 0.05）。去势对尿皮质激素和儿茶酚胺没有明显的影响。两组之间的生长性能没有差异。总的来说，这些结果证实，阉割引起疼痛，行为反应在阉割后的最初几个小时内加剧。然而，许多行为改变持续超过24小时，其中一些在去势后4天仍然存在。这表明仔猪在阉割后疼痛持续数小时以上，并强调了开发镇痛方案或替代阉割方法的必要性。(C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V.版权所有
Evidence exists that castration induces acute pain in piglets. However, little is known about the persistence of pain after the first few hours following castration. The purpose of this experiment was to assess whether behavioral and/or physiological signs indicative of pain persist over the 5 days following castration of piglets. Five-day-old piglets were either castrated, sham-castrated, or left undisturbed in their pen. Treatments were applied within litters. Two methods were used for behavioral observations: scan sampling using a detailed ethogram during the daytime and continuous observations during the night. Physiological responses were monitored through the measurement of corticosteroids and catecholamines in spontaneously voided urine. Behavioral observations performed over the 5 days following castration revealed that castrates (C) displayed reduced activity at the udder (massage + suckling) and remained more inactive while awake (P < 0.001) during the first 2.5 h following castration compared to their non-castrated (NC) littermates. C piglets tended to walk more throughout the experiment (P < 0.05). They showed significantly more pain/castration related behaviors during the first hours following treatment (prostration, stiffness, and trembling), for at least 2 days (scratching the rump and tail wagging) or throughout the experiment (huddling up). Concerning tail wagging, the difference between the two groups tended to be still significant 4 days after castration. Scratching the rump reached a peak 24 h after castration but was still present on the fourth night following castration. C piglets displayed a reduced social cohesion: they were more frequently in isolation during the first 2.5 h following castration (P < 0.001) and were more often desynchronized the afternoon following castration (P = 0.07) and 24 h later (P < 0.05). There was no clear effect of castration on urinary corticosteroids and catecholamines. Growth performance did not differ between the two groups. Overall, these results confirm that castration induces pain and that behavioral responses are exacerbated during the first few hours following castration. However, many behavioral alterations persist beyond 24 h and some of them are still present 4 days after castration. This suggests that piglets suffer from pain for more than a few hours following castration and emphasizes the necessity to develop analgesic protocols or alternative methods to castration. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.