Overview of the Groundwater of South Asia
Overview of the Groundwater of South Asia
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DOI：
10.1007/978-981-10-3889-1_1
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mukherjee, Abhijit
中科院分区：
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作者：
Mukherjee, Abhijit
南亚可以说是这个星球上人口最密集的地区，人口占世界人口的24%，而土地面积仅占全球总面积的4%。尽管该地区包含了世界上三个最广泛的河流系统（印度河、恒河和雅鲁藏布江流域），这些河流系统拥有全球几个高地下蓄水层，但该地区安全和可持续地下水的可用性并不一致，并且由于地质污染物的存在，人们越来越关注这些蓄水层（例如恒河流域）中安全水的可及性。此外，这些跨界含水层的地下水已成为一个政治敏感问题。该区域也是全球地下水资源使用最广泛的地区，导致对地下水供应的严重关切，甚至对地下水丰富的含水层也是如此。一些人为活动，特别是灌溉（占地下水提取的80%），导致该地区大部分地区的地下水枯竭。不同的降水速率和地下水力条件给地下水治理带来了更多的挑战。地源性地下水污染物的广泛出现以及新出现的污染物、与人口增长相关的粮食需求的增加以及气候变化的影响使可持续地下水资源管理的情况进一步复杂化。
The South Asia, arguably the most densely populated part of this planet, hosts about 24% of the world's population within only similar to 4% of the total global land area. Although the region encompasses three of the most extensive riverine systems of the world (Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra river basins) that host several of the high groundwater-producing aquifers of the globe, the availability of safe and sustainable groundwater in the region is not consistent, and there is a growing concern about the accessibility of safe water in many of these aquifers (e.g., Ganges basin) due to presence of geogenic pollutants. Moreover, the groundwater from these trans-boundary aquifers has become a politically sensitive issue. The region is also the most extensive user of groundwater resources in the globe, leading to severe concern of groundwater availability, even for groundwater affluent aquifers. Several anthropogenic activities, particularly irrigation (accounts for >80% of the groundwater withdrawal), lead to groundwater depletion in most of areas within the region. Varying precipitation rates and subsurface hydraulic condition are providing more challenges to groundwater governance. Widespread occurrences of geogenic groundwater contaminants along with emerging pollutants, increasing food demand associated with growing population, and effects of climate change further complex the scenario toward sustainable groundwater resource management.