Managing values in disaster planning: Current strategies, challenges and opportunities for incorporating values of the public
Managing values in disaster planning: Current strategies, challenges and opportunities for incorporating values of the public
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灾害规划中的价值观管理：融入公众价值观的当前战略、挑战和机遇
DOI：
10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.10.029
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
K. Williams
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Ford;A. Rawluk;K. Williams
将公众价值观纳入决策是实现灾害管理中的问责制、透明度和包容性的一种方式，但可能不容易与现有制度相适应。在这项研究中，我们分析了澳大利亚维多利亚州的森林火灾风险规划系统，以确定在决策中如何以及在哪里以及如何管理价值和价值冲突。使用改进的机构方法，我们发现了一套不同的七种战略，通过这些战略，价值在规划系统的不同部分和不同层面得到管理。在政策层面，时间循环和多重目标为较低级别的工作人员制定了既定的优先事项和框架。在战略规划层面，偏向可衡量的价值和依赖科学的体制规范限制了对某些社会价值的考虑。在一个以前没有描述过的价值管理战略--“风险优先”中，技术风险分析被用来确定保护地点的优先顺序，从而盖过了棘手的价值问题。最后，在决策过程中，团队商议和加权策略都被用来平衡价值观。工作人员认识到，需要新的工具和流程来管理一些社会价值观。将公众价值观纳入这个系统的一个明显机会是将它们纳入指导规划的多个目标集。工作人员也看到了扩大社区参与和开发定性方法来证明决策合理性的机会，但在以生态和丛林火灾科学为基础的决策的长期机构规范内，这些面临一些挑战。
Incorporating values of the public in decisions is a way to approach accountability, transparency and inclusiveness in disaster management, but may not be an easy fit with existing systems. In this study, we analysed a bushfire risk planning system in Victoria, Australia, to identify where and how values, and value conflicts, are managed in decision-making. Using a modified institutional approach, we found a diverse set of seven strategies by which values are managed in different parts and levels of the planning system. At the policy level, cycling through time and multiple objective setting established priorities and frameworks for staff at lower levels. At the strategic planning level, a bias to measurable values and institutional norms for relying on science limited consideration of some social values. In a previously undescribed strategy for managing values, ‘risk prioritisation’, technical risk analysis was used to prioritise places for protection, overshadowing difficult questions of value. Finally, in moving to decisions, both team deliberation and weighting strategies were used to balance values. Staff recognised a need for new tools and processes for managing some social values. An obvious opportunity for incorporating values of the public in this system is to include them in the sets of multiple objectives that guide planning. Staff also saw opportunities to expand community engagement and develop qualitative ways to justify decisions, but these faced some challenges within longstanding institutional norms for basing decisions on ecological and bushfire sciences.