An overview of the role and diversity of compatible solutes in Bacteria and Archaea.
An overview of the role and diversity of compatible solutes in Bacteria and Archaea.
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DOI：
10.1007/bfb0102291
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Costa;Helena Santos;E. Galinski
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Costa;Helena Santos;E. Galinski
相容溶质的积累是微生物适应盐或有机溶质施加的渗透胁迫的先决条件。有两种类型的策略来应对外部高溶质浓度；一种策略是在盐杆菌家族的极端嗜盐古细菌和盐生厌氧菌目的细菌中发现的，涉及无机离子的积累。渗透适应的另一种策略涉及特定有机溶质的积累，该策略存在于绝大多数微生物中。有机渗透剂的范围从糖、多元醇、氨基酸及其各自的衍生物、胞外宾和甜菜碱。这些有机溶质的多样性在过去几年中随着更多的生物，特别是嗜热和超高温细菌和古生菌的研究而增加。术语相容溶质也可用于保护大分子和细胞免受高温、干燥和冻结等压力的溶质。相容溶质保护酶、细胞成分和细胞的机制还远未完全阐明，但利用这些溶质保护大分子和细胞免受加热、冷冻和干燥的影响越来越引起人们的兴趣。
The accumulation of compatible solutes is a prerequisite for the adaptation of microorganisms to osmotic stress imposed by salt or organic solutes. Two types of strategies exist to cope with high external solute concentrations; one strategy is found in the extremely halophilicArchaeaof the familyHalobacteriaceaeand theBacteriaof the orderHaloanaerobialesinvolving the accumulation of inorganic ions. The other strategy of osmoadaptation involves the accumulation of specific organic solutes and is found in the vast majority of microorganisms. The organic osmolytes range from sugars, polyols, amino acids and their respective derivatives, ectoines and betaines. The diversity of these organic solutes has increased in the past few years as more organisms, especially thermophilic and hyperthermophilicBacteriaandArchaea, have been examined. The term compatible solute can also be applied to solutes that protect macromolecules and cells against stresses such as high temperature, desiccation and freezing. The mechanisms by whihh compatible solutes protect enzymes, cell components and cells are still a long way from being thoroughly elucidated, but there is a growing interest in the utilization of these solutes to protect macromolecules and cells from heating, freezing and desiccation.