Racial differences in health: not just black and white, but shades of gray.
Racial differences in health: not just black and white, but shades of gray.
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健康方面的种族差异：不仅仅是黑白，还有灰色地带。
DOI：
10.1146/annurev.pu.17.050196.002211
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发表时间：
1996
影响因子：
20.8
通讯作者：
A. Dievler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Lillie;P. Parsons;H. Gayle;A. Dievler
对健康方面种族/族裔差异的解释多种多样，十分复杂。本文回顾了文献，以评估在何种程度上，目前的差距是美国人口的社会阶层构成的种族差异的后果。我们把这篇综述的重点放在非洲裔美国人和研究，提供信息的影响种族对四个结果的措施：婴儿死亡率，高血压，物质使用和死亡率的所有原因。确定了23项研究符合纳入本综述的标准。正如预期的那样，大多数研究提供的证据表明，社会经济条件是解释种族健康差异的主要因素。然而，不同的健康指数得出的结论各不相同。药物滥用领域的研究提供了最一致的证据，表明社会经济条件是造成所观察到的种族差异的原因。相反，关于婴儿死亡率和高血压的研究提供了一个令人信服的案例，即社会经济地位的影响很重要，但不足以解释种族差异。关于全因死亡率的证据在显示无显著种族效应的研究和调整社会阶层后种族差异持续存在的研究之间平分。该文件提供了可能的解释，看似不同的结果，并确定了概念和方法问题，为未来的研究寻求解开种族，社会阶层和健康之间的复杂关系。
Explanations for racial/ethnic disparities in health are varied and complex. This paper reviews the literature to assess the extent to which current disparities are a consequence of racial differences in the social class composition of the US population. We focus this review on African Americans and examine studies that provide information on the effect of race on four outcome measures: infant mortality, hypertension, substance use, and mortality from all-causes. Twenty-three studies were identified that met criteria for inclusion in this review. As expected, most studies provide evidence that socioeconomic conditions are a major factor explaining racial differences in health. Findings, however, vary for the different health indices. Research in the area of substance abuse provides the most consistent evidence that socioeconomic conditions account for observed racial differences. In contrast, studies on infant mortality and hypertension provide a compelling case that the effects of socioeconomic status are important, but not sufficient to explain racial differences. Evidence on mortality from all-causes is equally divided between studies showing no significant race effect and those in which racial differences persist after adjusting for social class. The paper offers possible explanations for the seemingly divergent results and identifies conceptual and methodologic issues for future research seeking to disentangle the complex relations between race, social class, and health.
非裔美国女性和白人女性自报高血压患病率的相关性。
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Adams-Campbell,LL;Brambilla,DJ;McKinlay,SM
通讯作者：
McKinlay,SM
美国的种族和健康状况的概念。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1994
期刊：
Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Williams,DR;Lavizzo-Mourey,R;Warren,RC
通讯作者：
Warren,RC
职业阶层转变对高血压的影响：工作年龄男性的种族差异。
影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Waitzman,NJ;Smith,KR
通讯作者：
Smith,KR