Ingenious floral structure drives explosive pollination in Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae)
Ingenious floral structure drives explosive pollination in Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae)
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巧妙的花结构驱动黑藻（Hydrocharitaceae）的爆炸性授粉
DOI：
10.1111/plb.13085
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发表时间：
--
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Lan-jie Huang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Qi Zhang;Wen-long Fu;Xiao-fan Wang;Lan-jie Huang
·在爆发式授粉中，许多结构和机制已经进化，以实现雄蕊的高速运动。据报道，沉水植物黑藻的雄花在离开母株后的一段时间内能够爆炸地释放花粉，但雄蕊运动的机制和相关的功能结构在该物种中尚不清楚。我们分析了花粉传播过程中雄蕊的运动，并进行了几个对照实验，以研究爆炸授粉过程中弹性势能的储存和释放过程。雄花从母株上解放出来后，雄蕊迅速展开，与被隔片粘在一起，并在几秒钟内将弹性势能传递给花丝。一旦雄蕊展开到一个临界角，此时花丝的弹性刚刚超过花药与花药之间的粘附力，雄蕊就会在毫秒内自动反弹并释放花粉。这些结果表明，弹射状雄蕊、勺状雄蕊和佛焰苞内封闭的合生苞片共同构成了轮叶海棠雄蕊快速运动的功能结构。它们确保花粉可以释放到水面上，从而成功地适应花粉的表亲授粉。
• In explosive pollination, many structures and mechanisms have evolved to achieve high-speed stamen movement. The male flower of the submerged plant Hydrilla verticillata is reported to be able to release pollen explosively some time after leaving the mother plant time, but the mechanism of stamen movement and the related functional.structure in this species are unclear..• In this study, we observed the male flower structure and pollen dispersal process of H. verticillata. We analysed the stamen movements during the pollen dispersal process and conducted several controlled experiments to study the process of storage and release of elastic potential energy in explosive pollination..• When the male flower of H. verticillata is bound to the united bracts, the sepals accumulate elastic potential energy through the expansion of basal extensor cells. After the male flower is liberated from the mother plant, the stamens unfold rapidly with the sepals under adhesion and transfer the elastic potential energy to the filament in seconds. Once stamens unfold to a critical angle, at which the elasticity of the filament just exceeds the adhesion between sepals and anthers, the stamens automatically rebound and release pollen in milliseconds..• These results reveal that Catapult-like stamens, spoon-shaped sepals and enclosed united bracts in the spathe together constitute the functional structure in rapid stamen movement of H. verticillata. They ensure that the pollen can be released on the water surface, and thus adapt successfully to the pollen-epihydrophilous pollination.