The Incidence of Carbon Taxes in U.S. Manufacturing: Lessons from Energy Cost Pass-Through
The Incidence of Carbon Taxes in U.S. Manufacturing: Lessons from Energy Cost Pass-Through
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美国制造业碳税的发生率：能源成本转嫁的教训
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.3140739
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Reed Walker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Ganapati;Joseph S. Shapiro;Reed Walker
本文研究了美国制造商能源投入成本的变化如何影响制造业生产者和消费者的相对福利（即发生率）。在此过程中，我们开发了一种部分均衡方法来估计投入税的发生率，该方法可以同时解释发生率的三个决定因素，这些决定因素通常是孤立研究的：投入成本的不完全传递、行业竞争力的差异以及要素替代用于生产的投入。我们将这种方法应用于一组美国制造业，我们观察工厂级的单位价格和投入选择。我们发现，大约70%的能源价格驱动的投入成本的变化是通过消费者。我们结合联合收割机产业特定的传递率与产业竞争力的估计，表明消费者承担的福利成本份额比完全传递和完全竞争模型所建议的要小25- 75%（生产者承担的份额相应地更大）。
This paper studies how changes in energy input costs for U.S. manufacturers affect the relative welfare of manufacturing producers and consumers (i.e. incidence). In doing so, we develop a partial equilibrium methodology to estimate the incidence of input taxes that can simultaneously account for three determinants of incidence that are typically studied in isolation: incomplete pass-through of input costs, differences in industry competitiveness, and factor substitution amongst inputs used for production. We apply this methodology to a set of U.S. manufacturing industries for which we observe plant-level unit prices and input choices. We find that about 70 percent of energy price-driven changes in input costs are passed through to consumers. We combine industry-specific pass-through rates with estimates of industry competitiveness to show that the share of welfare cost borne by consumers is 25-75 percent smaller (and the share borne by producers is correspondingly larger) than models featuring complete pass-through and perfect competition would suggest.