The developmental environment modulates mating-induced aggression and fighting success in adult female Drosophila
The developmental environment modulates mating-induced aggression and fighting success in adult female Drosophila
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2435.13214
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发表时间：
2018-11-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Wigby, Stuart
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bath, Eleanor;Morimoto, Juliano;Wigby, Stuart
生命早期对资源的争夺会影响发育，进而影响成年生殖者的竞争表型。理论预测，成年雌性之间的竞争应该特别依赖于环境，因为高成本的繁殖所施加的限制。然而，在成年女性竞争的发展环境的潜在影响仍然知之甚少。在黑腹果蝇中，发育环境可以强烈地影响成年状态，并引发成年竞争行为。在这个物种中，雌性对雌性的攻击依赖于生殖状态，并且在交配后由于精子和精液成分的接收而增加。然而，发育环境对成年雌性攻击性的影响，以及与交配状态的任何潜在相互作用，都是未知的。为了解决这个问题，我们首先提出了苍蝇在低和高幼虫密度，这改变了竞争有限的资源，产生大和小的成年女性，分别，并可能引发他们不同程度的成年竞争。然后，我们与由此产生的成年雌性进行战斗，无论是处女，还是在交配时接受刺激性射精后，以测试相互作用的影响。我们发现，正如预期的那样，交配提高了比赛的持续时间。然而，这种交配诱导的增强侵略强烈加剧了高密度（小）女性。低密度（大）的女性赢得了更多的比赛，但在交配后的战斗中并没有更成功。与此相反，交配增加了战斗成功的女性在高密度环境中提出。我们的研究结果表明，经历过竞争，资源有限，饲养条件的人对男性射精的攻击刺激作用更敏感。这一发现强调了发展环境在调解成人社会交往中的重要性，并为女性对女性的攻击应该高度依赖于上下文的理论提供了支持。A可用于本文。
Competition over access to resources early in life can influence development, and, in turn, affect competitive phenotypes in reproductive adults. Theory predicts that competition between adult females should be especially context-dependent, because of constraints imposed by high costs of reproduction. However, the potential impact of developmental environments on competition in adult females remains little understood. In Drosophila melanogaster, the developmental environment can strongly influence adult condition, and prime adult competitive behaviour. In this species, female-female aggression is dependent on reproductive state and increases after mating due to the receipt of sperm and seminal fluid components. However, the effects of the developmental environment on adult female aggression, and any potential interactions with mating status, are unknown. To address this problem, we first raised flies at low and high larval density, which altered competition over limited resources, produced large and small adult females, respectively, and potentially primed them for differing levels of adult competition. We then fought the resulting adult females, either as virgins, or after receiving aggression-stimulating ejaculates at mating, to test for interacting effects. We found, as expected, that mating elevated contest duration. However, this mating-induced boost in aggression was strongly exacerbated for high density (small) females. Low density (large) females won more contests overall, but were not more successful in fights after mating. In contrast, mating increased the fighting success in females raised in high density environments. Our results suggest that individuals who experience competitive, resource-limited, rearing conditions are more sensitive to the aggression-stimulating effects of the male ejaculate. This finding highlights the importance of the developmental environment in mediating adult social interactions and provides support for the theory that female-female aggression should be highly context-dependent. A is available for this article.