The prosocial effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): Controlled studies in humans and laboratory animals.
The prosocial effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA): Controlled studies in humans and laboratory animals.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.08.016
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发表时间：
2015-10
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Bedi G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kamilar-Britt P;Bedi G
± 3，4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺（MDMA; 'ecstasy'）的使用者报告了亲社会的影响，如社交和同情。对照实验室研究的数据表明，MDMA改变了人类的社会感受、信息处理和行为，以及啮齿动物的社会行为，这也支持了这些明显独特的社会效应。在这里，我们回顾了越来越多的证据。在啮齿类动物中，MDMA增加了被动的亲社会行为（邻近说谎）和社会奖励，同时减少了攻击性，这种效应可能涉及5-羟色胺1A受体介导的催产素释放与加压素受体1A相互作用。在人类中，MDMA增加血浆催产素并产生社会归属感。它减少了对负面面部表情的识别（认知同理心），并减弱了对社会拒绝的反应，同时增强了对他人积极情绪的反应（情感同理心），并增加了社会途径。因此，与药物民间传说一致，实验室管理的MDMA强烈改变了人类的社会处理，并增加了人类和动物的社会方法。其效果与社交能力的增强是一致的，关于增强同理心的证据喜忧参半。这些神经生物学上复杂的亲社会效应可能会激发娱乐性摇头丸的使用。
Users of ±3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ‘ecstasy’) report prosocial effects such as sociability and empathy. Supporting these apparently unique social effects, data from controlled laboratory studies indicate that MDMA alters social feelings, information processing, and behavior in humans, and social behavior in rodents. Here, we review this growing body of evidence. In rodents, MDMA increases passive prosocial behavior (adjacent lying) and social reward while decreasing aggression, effects that may involve serotonin 1A receptor mediated oxytocin release interacting with vasopressin receptor 1A. In humans, MDMA increases plasma oxytocin and produces feelings of social affiliation. It decreases identification of negative facial expressions (cognitive empathy) and blunts responses to social rejection, while enhancing responses to others’ positive emotions (emotional empathy) and increasing social approach. Thus, consistent with drug folklore, laboratory administration of MDMA robustly alters social processing in humans and increases social approach in humans and animals. Effects are consistent with increased sociability, with mixed evidence about enhanced empathy. These neurobiologically-complex prosocial effects likely motivate recreational ecstasy use.