The axonal radial contractility: Structural basis underlying a new form of neural plasticity
The axonal radial contractility: Structural basis underlying a new form of neural plasticity
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轴突径向收缩性：新型神经可塑性的结构基础
DOI：
10.1002/bies.202100033
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发表时间：
2021-06-18
期刊：
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Wang，Tong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pan，Xiaorong;Zhou，Yimin;Wang，Tong
轴突是最长的细胞结构，在人类运动轴突的情况下达到超过一米。它们具有相对较小的直径，并含有几种介导神经元内物质和信息交换的细胞骨架元件。最近，一种新型的轴突可塑性，称为轴突径向收缩，已被揭露。其表现为轴突轴的动态和瞬时直径变化，以适应大细胞器的通道。支撑这种可塑性的机制尚未完全理解。在这里，我们首先总结了最近的证据轴突径向收缩的功能相关性，然后讨论了潜在的结构基础，审查纳米证据的微妙变化。提出了两种模型来解释肌动球蛋白环的组织。讨论了非肌肉肌球蛋白II（NM-II）在轴突变性中的可能作用。最后，我们讨论了周期性功能纳米结构域的概念，它可以感知细胞外信号并协调轴突反应。也可以在这里看到视频摘要：https://youtu.be/ojCnrJ8RCRc
Axons are the longest cellular structure reaching over a meter in the case of human motor axons. They have a relatively small diameter and contain several cytoskeletal elements that mediate both material and information exchange within neurons. Recently, a novel type of axonal plasticity, termed axonal radial contractility, has been unveiled. It is represented by dynamic and transient diameter changes of the axon shaft to accommodate the passages of large organelles. Mechanisms underpinning this plasticity are not fully understood. Here, we first summarised recent evidence of the functional relevance for axon radial contractility, then discussed the underlying structural basis, reviewing nanoscopic evidence of the subtle changes. Two models are proposed to explain how actomyosin rings are organised. Possible roles of non‐muscle myosin II (NM‐II) in axon degeneration are discussed. Finally, we discuss the concept of periodic functional nanodomains, which could sense extracellular cues and coordinate the axonal responses. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/ojCnrJ8RCRc