Diabetic photoreceptors: Mechanisms underlying changes in structure and function.
Diabetic photoreceptors: Mechanisms underlying changes in structure and function.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1017/s0952523820000097
复制
发表时间：
2020-10-06
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Vinberg F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Becker S;Carroll LS;Vinberg F
根据临床结果，糖尿病视网膜病变传统上被定义为视网膜微血管病变。视网膜神经元功能障碍现在被认为是糖尿病视网膜在发展为明显的糖尿病视网膜病变之前的早期事件。虽然糖尿病对视网膜内细胞，如视网膜神经节细胞和无长突细胞的生存和功能的不利影响已被广泛认识，但最近有证据表明，外视网膜的光感受器在糖尿病中经历了早期的改变。我们回顾了来自临床前和临床研究的数据，显示糖尿病视网膜电生理功能的保守性降低，以及光感受器丢失的证据。作为体内研究的补充，我们讨论了体外视网膜电描记术是研究糖尿病动物模型视网膜光感受器功能的有效方法。最后，我们考虑了早期光感受器病变参与糖尿病视网膜病变进展的可能性，并讨论了糖尿病视网膜光感受器损伤的可能机制，如活性氧物种和其他炎症因子的产生增加，其有害作用可能通过光转导而增强。
Based on clinical findings, diabetic retinopathy has traditionally been defined as a retinal microvasculopathy. Retinal neuronal dysfunction is now recognized as an early event in the diabetic retina before development of overt diabetic retinopathy. While detrimental effects of diabetes on the survival and function of inner retinal cells, such as retinal ganglion cells and amacrine cells, are widely recognized, evidence that photoreceptors in the outer retina undergo early alterations in diabetes has emerged more recently. We review data from pre-clinical and clinical studies demonstrating a conserved reduction of electrophysiological function in diabetic retinas, as well as evidence for photoreceptor loss. Complementing in vivo studies, we discuss the ex vivo electroretinography technique as a useful method to investigate photoreceptor function in isolated retinas from diabetic animal models. Finally, we consider the possibility that early photoreceptor pathology contributes to the progression of diabetic retinopathy, and discuss possible mechanisms of photoreceptor damage in the diabetic retina, such as enhanced production of reactive oxygen species and other inflammatory factors whose detrimental effects may be augmented by phototransduction.