The adaptive capacity of maize-based conservation agriculture systems to climate stress in tropical and subtropical environments: A meta-regression of yields
The adaptive capacity of maize-based conservation agriculture systems to climate stress in tropical and subtropical environments: A meta-regression of yields
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2017.09.019
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发表时间：
2018
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Steward;A. Dougill;C. Thierfelder;C. Pittelkow;L. Stringer;Maxwell Kudzala;Gorm E. Shackelford
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文献类型：
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作者：
P. Steward;A. Dougill;C. Thierfelder;C. Pittelkow;L. Stringer;Maxwell Kudzala;Gorm E. Shackelford
保护性农业作为一种可持续的农业做法，在整个撒哈拉以南非洲得到广泛推广，可提高适应气候变化的能力。气候胁迫、管理和土壤之间的相互作用对于理解保护性农业的适应能力至关重要。针对亚热带和热带地区，本文采用多元回归方法，结合全球土壤和气候数据，检验了4个假设：（1）保护性农业的相对产量表现随着干旱和温度胁迫的增加而提高;（2）水分和温度胁迫的影响相互作用;（3）干旱和温度胁迫对保护性农业产量的影响相互作用;（4）干旱和温度胁迫对保护性农业产量的影响相互作用。（3）水分和温度胁迫的影响受土壤质地的影响;（4）作物多样化、施肥量或实施免耕后的时间将提高气候胁迫下保护性农业的绩效。此外，有一个相互作用的水分和热应力对保护性农业的性能和它们的综合效果是非加性和修改的土壤粘粒含量，支持我们的第二和第三个假设。最后，我们发现只有有限的支持我们的第四个假设，（1）增加氮肥施用量并没有提高保护性农业在高温胁迫下的相对表现：（2）作物多样化并没有显着提高保护性农业的表现，但增加其稳定性与热胁迫;以及（3）自免耕实施以来的统计稳健效应不明显。我们的元回归支持保护性农业提高了亚热带玉米生产的适应能力的叙述。撒哈拉非洲干旱和/或炎热的压力。然而，在非常潮湿的季节和粘土丰富的土壤上，保护性农业的产量低于传统做法。
Conservation agriculture is widely promoted across sub-Saharan Africa as a sustainable farming practice that enhances adaptive capacity to climate change. The interactions between climate stress, management, and soil are critical to understanding the adaptive capacity of conservation agriculture. Yet conservation agriculture syntheses to date have largely neglected climate, especially the effects of extreme heat.For the sub-tropics and tropics, we use meta-regression, in combination with global soil and climate datasets, to test four hypotheses: (1) that relative yield performance of conservation agriculture improves with increasing drought and temperature stress; (2) that the effects of moisture and temperature stress exposure interact; (3) that the effects of moisture and temperature stress are modified by soil texture; and (4) that crop diversification, fertilizer application rate, or the time since no-till implementation will enhance conservation agriculture performance under climate stress.Our results support the hypothesis that the relative maize yield performance of conservation agriculture improves with increasing drought severity or exposure to high temperatures. Further, there is an interaction of moisture and heat stress on conservation agriculture performance and their combined effect is both non-additive and modified by soil clay content, supporting our second and third hypotheses. Finally, we found only limited support for our fourth hypothesis as (1) increasing nitrogen application rates did not improve the relative performance of conservation agriculture under high heat stress; (2) crop diversification did not notably improve conservation agriculture performance, but did increase its stability with heat stress; and (3) a statistically robust effect of the time since no-till implementation was not evident.Our meta-regression supports the narrative that conservation agriculture enhances the adaptive capacity of maize production in sub-Saharan Africa under drought and/or heat stress. However, in very wet seasons and on clay-rich soils, conservation agriculture yields less compared to conventional practices.