SnapShot: effector and memory T cell differentiation.
SnapShot: effector and memory T cell differentiation.
复制标题
快照：效应 T 细胞和记忆 T 细胞分化。
DOI：
10.1016/j.cell.2009.07.020
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
64.5
通讯作者：
Rao,Anjana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pipkin,MatthewE;Rao,Anjana
T 细胞的分化是研究哺乳动物细胞谱系规范的分子基础的理想系统。在感染或炎症期间受到抗原刺激后，幼稚外周 T 细胞分化为具有特定免疫功能的各种类型的效应 T 细胞。初始 CD4+ T 细胞分化为至少四个 T 辅助 (Th) 细胞亚群（谱系）：Th1、Th2、Th17 或“诱导的”调节性 T 细胞 (iTreg)。每个子集通过它们产生的细胞因子来区分（Ansel 等人，2006；Lee 等人，2006；Zhou 等人，2009）。幼稚 CD8+ T 细胞分化为效应细胞溶性 T 淋巴细胞 (CTLEff)，利用孔形成蛋白穿孔素和称为颗粒酶的丝氨酸酯酶杀死受感染的宿主细胞 (Cruz-Guilloty 等，2009)。或者，初始 CD8+ T 细胞可以分化成记忆 CTL (CTLMem)，长期存活并保护宿主免遭再次感染 (Kaech 和 Wherry, 2007)。 T 细胞分化在很大程度上取决于来自环境的信号，并由众多反馈和前馈回路（粗体箭头）塑造，这些反馈和前馈回路调节和加强分化进行的方向（Singh，2007）。转录因子（盒）通过形成网络来加强或反对彼此的行为，从而在这一过程中发挥关键作用。此快照说明了几个最具有特征的 T 细胞亚群的分化途径。
The differentiation of T cells is an ideal system to study the molecular basis of lineage specification in mammalian cells. Upon stimulation with antigen during infection or inflammation, naive peripheral T cells differentiate into various types of effector T cells with specific immune functions. Naive CD4+ T cells differentiate into at least four subsets (lineages) of T helper (Th) cells: Th1, Th2, Th17, or “induced” regulatory T cells (iTregs). Each subset is distinguished by the cytokines that they produce (Ansel et al., 2006; Lee et al., 2006; Zhou et al., 2009). Naive CD8+ T cells differentiate into effector cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLEff) that kill infected host cells using the poreforming protein perforin and serine esterases called granzymes (Cruz-Guilloty et al., 2009). Alternatively, naive CD8+ T cells can differentiate into memory CTLs (CTLMem) that survive long-term and protect the host from reinfection (Kaech and Wherry, 2007). T cell differentiation is in large part determined by signals from the environment and is shaped by numerous feedback and feed-forward loops (bold arrows) that modulate and reinforce the direction in which differentiation proceeds (Singh, 2007). Transcription factors (boxes) play a key role in this process by forming networks in which they reinforce or oppose each other’s actions. This SnapShot illustrates the differentiation pathways for several of the best characterized T cell subsets.