"Measurement drives diagnosis and response": Gaps in transferring food security assessment to the urban scale
"Measurement drives diagnosis and response": Gaps in transferring food security assessment to the urban scale
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DOI：
10.1016/j.foodpol.2017.12.001
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
Tawodzera, Godfrey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haysom, Gareth;Tawodzera, Godfrey
自最初对这一挑战进行概念化以来，人们对粮食安全的理解发生了重大转变。这些认识上的变化伴随着不同的粮食安全衡量方法。尽管世界日益城市化，特别是发展中国家正在经历自己的城市转型，但粮食安全衡量的变化仍然主要取决于农村对粮食安全的理解。在确实进行城市衡量的情况下，采用了以农村为导向的衡量方法，消除了关键的城市挑战和系统性驱动因素。本文首先强调了全球南方的城市转型和随之而来的粮食安全挑战。然后，报告反思了现有的粮食安全衡量方法，详细说明了积极因素，但也强调了适用于城市的不足之处。在城市一级，粮食系统评估被认为是应对城市粮食不安全的一种适当工具，同时提供“广度和深度”，为有效的粮食安全方案拟订和政策干预提供信息。从理论上讲，食品系统工作中的规模、背景和对农村偏见的批评是指导所采用方法的重要信息来源。
The understanding of food security has seen major shifts since the original conceptualisations of the challenge. These changes in understanding have been accompanied by different food security measurement approaches. Despite the fact that the world has become increasingly urbanised and the developing world in particular, is experiencing its own urban transition, changes in food security measurement remain predominantly informed by a rural understanding of food security. In instances where urban measurement does take place, rural-oriented measurement approaches are adopted, occluding critical urban challenges and systemic drivers. This paper begins by highlighting the urban transition and attendant food security challenges in the Global South. It then reflects on existing food security measurement methods, detailing the positive components but also highlighting the shortfalls applicable to the urban context. At the urban scale, a food system assessment is argued to be one appropriate tool to respond to urban food insecurity while at the same time providing both the "breadth and depth" to inform effective food security programming and policy interventions. Theoretically, questions of scale, context and a critique of the rural bias in food systems work are essential informants guiding the approaches applied.