METEOROLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SPIDER BALLOONING
METEOROLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SPIDER BALLOONING
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DOI：
10.1093/ee/19.5.1381
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发表时间：
1990-10-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
BISHOP, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BISHOP, L
长距离扩散的重要性是公认的干扰栖息地的迁移，但很少有人知道如何移民蜘蛛对他们的大气环境的各种功能的反应。许多蜘蛛借由丝线在风流上长距离地膨胀，从而分散到新的栖息地。以前的作者都集中在负责蜘蛛气球启动的气象条件。然而，蜘蛛在气流中保持高空所需的气象条件却鲜为人知。在田纳西州东部的秋季和春季，[美国]从一个45米高的塔延伸到整个森林树冠的五个高度的粘性陷阱中收集了空中蜘蛛。在整个研究过程中，我们不断从该塔收集气候数据。结果表明，影响气球飞行的最重要的气象因素是日气温的突变、最大露点与气温之差和低风速波动。在秋季，蜘蛛收集的最高百分比是在22米，直接在森林树冠上方，而在春季，最高渔获量是在33和44米。这些结果与捕获的动物的大小和分类群相关（即，春季体型较小的蜘蛛比秋季膨胀得多）。
The importance of long-distance dispersal is recognized in the recolonization of disturbed habitats, but little is known about how migrant spiders respond to the various features of their atmospheric environment. Many spiders balloon by silken threads on wind current for long distances and thus disperse to new habitats. Previous authors have focused on the meteorological conditions responsible for the initiation of spider ballooning. However, the meteorological conditions necessary for spiders to remain aloft on wind currents are less well known. During the fall and spring in east Tennessee, [USA], airborne spiders were collected from sticky traps extended from a 45-m tower at five heights throughout the forest canopy. Climatological data were collected continuously from the tower throughout the study. The results indicate that the most important meteorological factors affecting ballooning are abrupt changes in daily air temperature, maximum difference between dew point and air temperatures, and low wind fluctuations. For the fall, the highest percentage of spiders collected was at 22 m, immediately above the forest canopy, and for the spring, the highest catches were at 33 and 44 m. These results are correlated with sizes and taxa of animals trapped (i.e., more spider taxa with small body size ballooned in the spring than in the fall).