Pep-13, a plant defense-inducing pathogen-associated pattern from Phytophthora transglutaminases
Pep-13, a plant defense-inducing pathogen-associated pattern from Phytophthora transglutaminases
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DOI：
10.1093/emboj/cdf667
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发表时间：
2002-12-16
期刊：
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Nürnberger, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brunner, F;Rosahl, S;Nürnberger, T
先天免疫是一种古老的抵御微生物感染的防御形式，在动物中已有详尽描述，并且据认为对植物也很重要。通过识别宿主中不存在的病原体相关分子模式（PAMP）的受体来实现自我区分。PAMP是进化上保守的结构，在功能上很重要，因此不会频繁突变。在此我们报道，先前在欧芹中描述的防御反应肽激发子Pep - 13，是来自大豆疫霉的一种新型钙依赖细胞壁转谷氨酰胺酶（TGase）表面暴露的片段。在所有分析的疫霉属物种中都可检测到TGase转录本和TGase活性，其中包括一些最具破坏性的植物病原体。对Pep - 13内部的突变分析确定了对TGase和防御激发活性都不可或缺的相同氨基酸。Pep - 13在疫霉属的TGase中是保守的，它能激活欧芹和马铃薯的防御，这表明它作为一种属特异性识别决定因子，在宿主和非宿主植物中激活植物防御的功能。总之，植物可能识别具有类似于已知在动物中触发先天免疫反应特征的PAMP。
Innate immunity, an ancient form of defense against microbial infection, is well described for animals and is also suggested to be important for plants. Discrimination from self is achieved through receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) not found in the host. PAMPs are evolutionarily conserved structures which are functionally important and, thus, not subject to frequent mutation. Here we report that the previously described peptide elicitor of defense responses in parsley, Pep-13, constitutes a surface-exposed fragment within a novel calcium-dependent cell wall transglutaminase (TGase) from Phytophthora sojae. TGase transcripts and TGase activity are detectable in all Phytophthora species analyzed, among which are some of the most destructive plant pathogens. Mutational analysis within Pep-13 identified the same amino acids indispensable for both TGase and defense-eliciting activity. Pep-13, conserved among Phytophthora TGases, activates defense in parsley and potato, suggesting its function as a genus-specific recognition determinant for the activation of plant defense in host and non-host plants. In summary, plants may recognize PAMPs with characteristics resembling those known to trigger innate immune responses in animals.