Saving Lives for a Lifetime: Supporting Orphans and Vulnerable Children Impacted by HIV/AIDS
Saving Lives for a Lifetime: Supporting Orphans and Vulnerable Children Impacted by HIV/AIDS
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DOI：
10.1097/qai.0b013e31825da836
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发表时间：
2012-08-15
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Howard, Brian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nyberg, Beverly J.;Yates, Dee Dee;Howard, Brian
总统艾滋病紧急救援计划（PEPFAR）对数百万受艾滋病毒/艾滋病影响的儿童的反应是指定其预算的10%用于保障他们的未来，使其成为全球孤儿和弱势儿童方案的主要支持者。本文介绍了PEPFAR的孤儿和易受感染儿童响应的演变，其基础是方案的经验教训和对艾滋病毒/艾滋病影响的不断增长的理解。在发起这一国际紧急努力并将其转变为可持续的地方系统的过程中，总统艾滋病紧急救援计划帮助确立了孤儿和易受感染儿童护理和支助的技术内容和核心重要性，作为结束艾滋病毒/艾滋病流行病的生物医学努力的必要补充。通过庞大的社区应急网络和得到加强的国家护理系统，数百万受艾滋病毒影响的儿童和家庭正在获得关键服务。但是，快速的计划规模扩大有时会导致反应不一致，无法将资源与适当评估的需求相匹配，以及缺乏严格的计划评估。关键投资应继续用于更可持续和更有效的应对措施。其中包括更加关注儿童最重要的发展阶段，注重建设家庭和社区的复原力，适当平衡政府和民间社会的投资，以及更严格的评价和研究，以确保循证方案拟订。即使艾滋病毒流行率下降，医疗得到改善和扩大，艾滋病毒/艾滋病对儿童、家庭、社区、经济和社会的影响仍将持续几代人。保护儿童的全部潜力，从而保护社会的全部潜力，需要与经验和科学相结合的持续和战略性的全球投资。
President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR's) response to the millions of children impacted by HIV/AIDS was to designate 10% of its budget to securing their futures, making it the leading supporter of programs reaching orphan and vulnerable children (OVC) programs globally. This article describes the evolution of PEPFAR's OVC response based on programmatic lessons learned and an evergrowing understanding of the impacts of HIV/AIDS. In launching this international emergency effort and transitioning it toward sustainable local systems, PEPFAR helped establish both the technical content and the central importance of care and support for OVC as a necessary complement to biomedical efforts to end the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Critical services are reaching millions of HIV-affected children and families through vast networks of community-based responders and strengthened national systems of care. But rapid program scale-up has at times resulted in inconsistent responses, failure to match resources to properly assessed needs, and a dearth of rigorous program evaluations. Key investments should continue to be directed toward more sustainable and effective responses. These include greater attention to children's most significant developmental stages, a focus on building the resilience of families and communities, a proper balance of government and civil society investments, and more rigorous evaluation and research to ensure evidence-based programming. Even as HIV prevalence declines and medical treatment improves and expands, the impacts of HIV/AIDS on children, families, communities, economies, and societies will continue to accumulate for generations. Protecting the full potential of children-and thus of societies-requires sustained and strategic global investments aligned with experience and science.