Epithelial cell growth and differentiation .1. Intestinal growth factors
Epithelial cell growth and differentiation .1. Intestinal growth factors
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DOI：
10.1152/ajpgi.1997.273.1.g3
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发表时间：
1997-07-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Drucker, DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Drucker, DJ
小肠和大肠粘膜上皮中快速增殖的细胞构成了分析控制细胞生长和分化的因素的动态和独特的模型。肠上皮细胞的持续增殖和凋亡使该组织对引起炎症和上皮损伤的疾病高度敏感。然而，肠增殖的动力学为粘膜上皮的快速重建提供了机会。由于临床策略，以提高修复和再生的肠上皮仍然是次优的，增加了解的分子因子，促进生长和成熟的肠上皮细胞可能是潜在的治疗相关性。这篇文章强调了我们对肠上皮细胞生物学的理解的最新进展，重点是肽生长因子，如神经降压素、表皮生长因子（EGF）、胰岛素样生长因子I（IGF-I）、转化生长因子-α（TGF-α）、和胰高血糖素样肽-（GLP-2）肠生长的传统概念整合了营养，胰腺分泌物，以及局部产生的和体液衍生的生长因子在调节肠增殖中的作用。表1列出了来自提出刺激肠生长的每类效应物的化合物的实例。营养在调节肠上皮细胞质量中的重要性来自于检查粘膜上皮细胞增殖的特定营养介质的研究。膳食纤维、脂肪酸和特定氨基酸都被认为是肠道适应和粘膜上皮增殖的重要介质。谷氨酰胺是小肠肠细胞的主要能量来源，可增加肠道增殖并增强体内肠道适应性。谷氨酰胺和IGF-I给予大鼠80%小肠切除后回肠重量和蛋白质含量增加，实验数据表明，营养素和肽生长因子的适当组合可能会产生协同作用的结果。有证据表明，在饮食中补充谷氨酰胺可增强肠道适应性，这促使对单独使用谷氨酰胺或
THE RAPIDLY proliferating cells in the mucosal epithelium of the small and large intestine constitute a dynamic and unique model to analyze the factors controlling cell growth and differentiation. Ongoing proliferation and apoptosis in the intestinal epithelium make this tissue highly susceptible to diseases that cause inflammation and epithelial damage. Yet the kinetics of intestinal proliferation provide opportunities for rapid reconstitution of the mucosal epithelium. Because clinical strategies to enhance repair and regeneration of the intestinal epithelium remain suboptimal, increased understanding of the molecular factors that promote growth and maturation of the intestinal epithelium may be of potential therapeutic relevance. This article highlights recent advances in our understanding of the cellular biology of the intestinal epithelium, with a focus on peptide growth factors such as neurotensin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), transforming growth factor-a (TGF-(x), and glucagon-like peptide-(GLP-2) that promote intestinal proliferation in vivo.Traditional concepts of bowel growth integrate the importance of nutrition, pancreatic secretions, and locally produced and humorally derived growth factors in regulating intestinal proliferation. Table 1 lists examples of compounds from each class of effector proposed to stimulate intestinal growth. The importance of nutrition in regulating enterocyte mass derives from studies examining specific nutritional mediators of mucosal epithelial proliferation. Dietary fiber, fatty acids, and specific amino acids have all been implicated as important mediators of intestinal adaptation and mucosal epithelial proliferation. Glutamine, a primary energy source for small bowel enterocytes, increases intestinal proliferation and enhances intestinal adaptation in vivo. Glutamine and IGF-I administered to rats after 80% small bowel resection increased ileal weight and protein content, and experimental data suggest that appropriate combinations of nutrients and peptide growth factors may produce synergistic results. Evidence suggests supplementation of diets with glutamine may enhance intestinal adaptation, prompting the analysis of strategies employing glutamine alone or