Hydrodynamical evolution near the QCD critical end point
Hydrodynamical evolution near the QCD critical end point
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DOI：
10.1103/physrevc.71.044904
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发表时间：
2004-10
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
C. Nonaka;M. Asakawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Nonaka;M. Asakawa
唯象地，流体动力学计算已经成功地描述了超相对论重离子碰撞中的全局观测值，其目的是观察夸克胶子等离子体的产生。另一方面，从理论上讲，近年来，在量子色动力学的相图中存在临界终点（CEP）的证据越来越多。然而，到目前为止，没有状态方程与CEP已被用于流体动力学计算。本文在普适性假设的基础上构造了CEP状态方程，并证明了CEP是等熵轨线的吸引子。我们还考虑了CEP的时间演化，讨论了CEP对末态观测量，如关联长度、涨落、化学冻结、动力学冻结等的影响，最后，我们认为，Brookhaven国家实验室相对论重离子对撞机上极低的动力学冻结温度暗示了CEP存在的可能性。
Phenomenologically, hydrodynamical calculations have been successful in describing global observables in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, which aim to observe the production of the quark-gluon plasma. On the other hand, theoretically, a lot of evidence that there exists a critical end point (CEP) in the phase diagram of the quantum chromodynamics has been accumulating recently. Nevertheless, so far, no equation of state with the CEP has been employed in hydrodynamical calculations. In this article, we construct the equation of state with the CEP on the basis of the universality hypothesis and show that the CEP acts as an attractor of isentropic trajectories. We also consider the time evolution in the case with the CEP and discuss how the CEP affects the final state observables, such as the correlation length, fluctuation, chemical freeze-out, kinetic freeze-out, and so on. Finally, we argue that the anomalously low kinetic freeze-out temperature at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider at the Brookhaven National Laboratory suggests the possibility of the existence of the CEP.