Can the presence of musculoskeletal pain be determined from the facial expressions of ridden horses (FEReq)?
Can the presence of musculoskeletal pain be determined from the facial expressions of ridden horses (FEReq)?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jveb.2017.03.005
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发表时间：
2017-05-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Mullard, Jessica
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dyson, Sue;Berger, Jeannine M.;Mullard, Jessica
马的表现不佳通常归因于骑手或训练问题或行为异常。骑手们常常认不出跛足。我们需要确定跛脚和非跛脚马在骑马时的面部表情是否存在差异，这可能有助于识别经历疼痛的马。由一名受过训练的分析员将先前开发的特定于骑马的马的面部表情特征图盲目地应用于在骑马的学校型工作中以小跑和慢跑获得的跛脚马（n - 76）和非跛脚马（n - 25）的头部和颈部的照片（n - 519）。这些包括在诊断性镇痛消除跛行之前（n - 30张照片）和之后（n - 22张照片）采集的7匹跛足马的图像。根据已发表的马疼痛描述，将疼痛评分（0-3; 0 =正常，1-3 =异常）应用于行为图中的每个特征。跛脚马的疼痛评分高于非跛脚马（P < 0.001）。跛行消失后，跛行马的疼痛总评分（P < 0.05）、头位总评分（P < 0.01）和耳总评分（P < 0.01）均降低。严重高于钻头、扭转头部、钻头位置不对称、耳朵位置（双耳向后、一耳向后、一耳向侧、以及一耳向后、一耳向前）和眼睛特征（巩膜暴露、眼睛部分或完全闭合、眼尾侧肌肉紧张和强烈凝视）是疼痛的最佳指标。应用马的面部表情特征图和疼痛评分可以区分跛足马和非跛足马。面部表情的评估可能会提高对骑马疼痛相关步态异常的识别。(C)2017爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
Poor performance in horses is often attributed to rider or training problems or behavioral abnormalities. Riders often fail to recognize lameness. We need to determine if there are differences in facial expression in lame and nonlame horses when ridden, which may facilitate the identification of horses experiencing pain. A previously developed facial expression specific for ridden horses ethogramwas applied blindly by a trained analyst to photographs (n - 519) of the head and neck of lame (n - 76) and nonlame (n - 25) horses acquired during ridden schooling-type work at both trot and canter. These included images of 7 lame horses acquired before (n - 30 photographs) and after diagnostic analgesia had abolished lameness (n - 22 photographs). A pain score (0-3; 0 = normal, 1-3 = abnormal) was applied to each feature in the ethogram, based on published descriptions of pain in horses. Pain scores were higher for lame horses than nonlame horses (P < 0.001). Total pain score (P < 0.05), total head position score (P < 0.01), and total ear score (P < 0.01) were reduced in lame horses after abolition of lameness. Severely above the bit, twisting the head, asymmetrical position of the bit, ear position (both ears backward, one ear backward and one to the side, as well as one ear backward and one ear forward), and eye features (exposure of the sclera, the eye partially or completely closed, muscle tension caudal to the eye, and an intense stare) were the best indicators of pain. Application of the facial expression specific for ridden horses ethogram and pain score could differentiate between lame and nonlame horses. Assessment of facial expression could potentially improve recognition of pain-related gait abnormalities in ridden horses. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.