Nutrition and Brain Development.
Nutrition and Brain Development.
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DOI：
10.1007/7854_2021_244
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发表时间：
2021-10
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Sarah E. Cusick;Amanda K. Barks;M. Georgieff
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sarah E. Cusick;Amanda K. Barks;M. Georgieff
所有营养素对大脑发育都是必不可少的，但临床前和临床研究揭示了大脑发育的敏感时期，在此期间关键营养素至关重要。了解这些特定营养敏感期和伴随的大脑区域或正在发育的过程可以指导有效的营养干预以及选择有意义的特定回路神经行为测试，以最好地确定结果。对于几种营养素，包括蛋白质，铁，碘和胆碱，临床前和临床研究一致，以确定相同的敏感期，而对于其他营养素，如长链多不饱和脂肪酸，锌和维生素D，临床前模型证明了临床研究中不一致的益处。临床前和临床结果的这种不一致可能是由于营养干预的时间、剂量和/或持续时间以及目标人群的既存营养状况的关键差异。然而，一般来说，营养干预以最好地支持大脑发育的最佳成功窗口是在胎儿晚期和出生后早期。在这段时间内缺乏必要的营养素会导致长期功能障碍和发育潜力的显著丧失。
All nutrients are essential for brain development, but pre-clinical and clinical studies have revealed sensitive periods of brain development during which key nutrients are critical. An understanding of these nutrient-specific sensitive periods and the accompanying brain regions or processes that are developing can guide effective nutrition interventions as well as the choice of meaningful circuit-specific neurobehavioral tests to best determine outcome. For several nutrients including protein, iron, iodine, and choline, pre-clinical and clinical studies align to identify the same sensitive periods, while for other nutrients, such as long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, zinc, and vitamin D, pre-clinical models demonstrate benefit which is not consistently shown in clinical studies. This discordance of pre-clinical and clinical results is potentially due to key differences in the timing, dose, and/or duration of the nutritional intervention as well as the pre-existing nutritional status of the target population. In general, however, the optimal window of success for nutritional intervention to best support brain development is in late fetal and early postnatal life. Lack of essential nutrients during these times can lead to long-lasting dysfunction and significant loss of developmental potential.