BEER TAXES, THE LEGAL DRINKING AGE, AND YOUTH MOTOR-VEHICLE FATALITIES
BEER TAXES, THE LEGAL DRINKING AGE, AND YOUTH MOTOR-VEHICLE FATALITIES
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DOI：
10.1086/467834
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发表时间：
1987-06-01
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
GROSSMAN, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
SAFFER, H;GROSSMAN, M
自20世纪70年代中期以来，美国的联邦政府和各州及地方政府一直参与一项运动，通过劝阻酗酒来减少机动车事故造成的死亡。这场运动的一个主要内容是各州购买和消费酒精饮料的最低法律的年龄呈上升趋势。这一趋势始于1976年明尼苏达州将法律的饮酒年龄从18岁提高到19岁，到1984年7月国会通过《联邦统一饮酒年龄法案》时，又有27个州提高了法律的饮酒年龄。[1]这项立法允许联邦政府通过其对联邦公路基金的控制，在传统上为各州保留的立法领域进行干预。如果1986年10月1日的最低法律的饮酒年龄低于21岁，那么1987年财政年度州联邦公路建设基金拨款的5%将被扣留，如果饮酒年龄低于21岁，那么未来每个财政年度的拨款将扣留10%。到目前为止，已有19个州通过了符合该法案的法律，共有42个州将最低饮酒年龄定为21岁。反酗酒运动的第二个主要影响是显而易见的
Since the mid-1970s, the federal government of the United States and various state and local governments have been involved in a campaign to reduce deaths from motor vehicle accidents by discouraging alcohol abuse. One major element of this campaign has been the upward trend in state minimum legal ages for the purchase and consumption of alcoholic beverages. This trend began with the increase in the legal drinking age in Minnesota from eighteen to nineteen years of age in 1976, and an additional twenty-seven states had increased legal drinking ages by the time Congress passed the Federal Uniform Drinking Age Act of July 1984. 1 This legislation allows the federal government, through its control of federal highway funds, to intercede in a legislative area traditionally reserved for states. Five percent of a state’s federal highway construction fund allocation for the fiscal year 1987 was withheld if the minimum legal drinking age was below twenty-one years on October 1, 1986, and 10 percent will be withheld from each future fiscal year allocation in which its drinking age is below twenty-one. To date, nineteen states have passed laws complying with the act, and a total of forty-two states now have a minimum drinking age of twenty-one. A second major effect of the antidrinking campaign is evidenced