Integrating the effects of area, isolation, and habitat heterogeneity on species diversity: A unification of island biogeography and niche theory
Integrating the effects of area, isolation, and habitat heterogeneity on species diversity: A unification of island biogeography and niche theory
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DOI：
10.1086/519853
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发表时间：
2007-09-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Allouche, Omri
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kadmon, Ronen;Allouche, Omri
我们提出了一个分析模型，该模型统一了群落生态学中两个最有影响力的理论，即岛屿生物地理学和生态位理论。我们的模型通过将面积、隔离、随机殖民和灭绝过程、生境异质性和生态位划分的综合影响纳入到一个统一的、基于人口统计的框架中，从而捕捉到了这两种理论的主要元素。虽然经典的生态位理论预测物种丰富度与生境异质性之间存在正相关关系，但我们的统一模型表明，面积限制和扩散限制(岛屿生物地理学的主要因素)可能会在物种丰富度与生境异质性之间产生单峰甚至负相关关系。我们将这一发现归因于这样一个事实，即日益增加的异质性增加了可能存在于给定区域的物种的潜在数量(正如生态位理论所预测的那样)，但同时减少了每个物种可用的适宜区域的数量，从而增加了随机灭绝的可能性。区域限制、扩散限制和低繁殖率增加了随机灭绝的可能性，从而加剧了后一种影响。这些分析结果表明，岛屿生物地理学和生态位理论的结合为调节生态群落多样性的机制提供了新的见解，并产生了任何单一理论无法获得的意想不到的预测。
We present an analytical model that unifies two of the most influential theories in community ecology, namely, island biogeography and niche theory. Our model captures the main elements of both theories by incorporating the combined effects of area, isolation, stochastic colonization and extinction processes, habitat heterogeneity, and niche partitioning in a unified, demographically based framework. While classical niche theory predicts a positive relationship between species richness and habitat heterogeneity, our unified model demonstrates that area limitation and dispersal limitation ( the main elements of island biogeography) may create unimodal and even negative relationships between species richness and habitat heterogeneity. We attribute this finding to the fact that increasing heterogeneity increases the potential number of species that may exist in a given area ( as predicted by niche theory) but simultaneously reduces the amount of suitable area available for each species and, thus, increases the likelihood of stochastic extinction. Area limitation, dispersal limitation, and low reproduction rates intensify the latter effect by increasing the likelihood of stochastic extinction. These analytical results demonstrate that the integration of island biogeography and niche theory provides new insights about the mechanisms that regulate the diversity of ecological communities and generates unexpected predictions that could not be attained from any single theory.