How to make striatal projection neurons.
How to make striatal projection neurons.
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DOI：
10.1080/23262133.2015.1100227
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Li M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fjodorova M;Noakes Z;Li M
中棘神经元（MSNs）是纹状体的主要投射神经元，并且在亨廷顿病（HD）中优先丢失。由于目前还没有治愈这种神经退行性疾病的方法，纹状体中神经元损失的特异性使细胞移植疗法成为治疗这种疾病的有吸引力的途径。此外，鉴于MSN在HD中特别脆弱，有必要了解为什么这些神经元会退化，以便开发新的治疗方案。这两种方法都需要获得人类MSN祖细胞及其成熟的神经元衍生物。人胚胎干细胞和HD患者诱导的多能干细胞（统称为hPSC）可以用作这种组织的无限来源，如果它们可以被定向为真实的纹状体神经元谱系的话。因此，了解大脑中的MSN分化途径对于生成准确的体外获得纹状体细胞的方案至关重要。这篇小型综述的重点将是纹状体发育和目前从hPSC产生MSNs的方法。
Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are the main projection neurons of the striatum and are preferentially lost in Huntington's disease (HD). With no current cure for this neurodegenerative disorder, the specificity of neuronal loss in the striatum makes cell transplantation therapy an attractive avenue for its treatment. Also, given that MSNs are particularly vulnerable in HD, it is necessary to understand why these neurons degenerate in order to develop new therapeutic options. Both approaches require access to human MSN progenitors and their mature neuronal derivatives. Human embryonic stem cells and HD patient induced pluripotent stem cells (together referred to as hPSCs) may serve as an unlimited source of such tissue if they can be directed toward authentic striatal neuronal lineage. Understanding the MSN differentiation pathway in the brain is therefore of paramount importance for the generation of accurate protocols to obtain striatal cells in vitro. The focus of this mini review will be on striatal development and current methods to generate MSNs from hPSCs.