A 1983 NEUROPHARMACOLOGIC PERSPECTIVE OF SPACE SICKNESS
A 1983 NEUROPHARMACOLOGIC PERSPECTIVE OF SPACE SICKNESS
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DOI：
10.1159/000121482
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发表时间：
1983-01-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
BORISON, HL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BORISON, HL
太空病通常被认为是运动病的一种变体，尽管还没有完全证明。了解太空病需要对这种疾病进行客观和定量的描述。呕吐是一种可量化的生理事件，由呼吸肌产生排空肠道的压力。所有原因引起的呕吐都是由延髓的呕吐中枢协调的。最后区的呕吐化学感受器触发区（CTZ）被认为是运动病传入通路中不可或缺的因素。呕吐控制机制包括至少8个通过运动病反射途径的化学传递步骤，其中存在约30种潜在的神经递质。单个突触递质不太可能介导特定的功能，但这些递质的特定组合可能具有不同的功能。对太空病原因的适应可能是小脑回路或作用于CTZ的体液因子的重新调整的结果，而不是刺激受体脱敏的结果。为了研究的目的，太空病必须作为一种由失重引起的独特疾病来对待，直到证明它与地球上发生的任何呕吐综合症相当。
Space sickness is generally considered a variant of motion sickness although not fully proved as such. Understanding space sickness requires objective and quantitative characterization of the disorder. Vomiting is a quantifiable physiological event performed by the respiratory muscles which generate the pressures that evacuate the gut. Vomiting from all causes is coordinated by the vomiting center in the medulla oblongata. The emetic chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) in the area postrema is thought to be an indispensable element in the afferent pathway of motion sickness. About 30 potential neurotransmitters exist in the vomiting control mechanism which includes at least eight chemical transmission steps through the reflex pathway of motion sickness. Individual synaptic transmitters do not likely mediate specific functions, but particular combinations of those transmitters might well serve distinct functions. Adaptation to the cause of space sickness probably results from readjustment of a cerebellar circuit or of a humoral factor acting on the CTZ, rather than from stimulus-receptor desensitization. Space sickness must, for purposes of investigation, be treated as a unique disorder engendered by weightlessness until proved equivalent to any emetic syndrome that occurs on earth.