Diet composition of badgers (Meles meles) in a pristine forest and rural habitats of Poland compared to other European populations
Diet composition of badgers (Meles meles) in a pristine forest and rural habitats of Poland compared to other European populations
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00792.x
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发表时间：
2000-04-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Jedrzejewski, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goszczynski, J;Jedrzejewska, B;Jedrzejewski, W
饮食的欧亚獾Meles meles进行了研究，座位分析在东部和中部波兰，代表原始森林和农村景观，几乎没有木材覆盖。在春季，蚯蚓占82-89%的生物量消耗獾在所有地方。在夏季和秋季，这一比例下降到56%的原始森林，和24%的镶嵌森林，田野，果园。此时的补充资源是两栖动物（森林中）或花园水果（农村景观）。欧洲獾的食物组成研究表明，蚯蚓和植物性物质是獾的主要食物类型，但它们的作用随纬度而变化。蚯蚓的比例从37-40度N时的零增加到55-63度N时的40-70%;植物性食物的趋势相反。此外，在两种主要的补充资源中，獾更经常在北方纬度捕获脊椎动物，而昆虫在南方。因此，獾的食物生态位在北纬45-55度最宽，在低纬度和高纬度都变窄。此外，在欧洲温带地区，人类对栖息地的改造程度显著影响了獾的食性。在森林中，獾主要依靠蚯蚓（平均62%的饮食）。在农田和牧场，蚯蚓和植物材料（通常是花园水果和谷物）发挥同样重要的作用（各占34%）。这种生态地理学上的食性模式可以用蚯蚓的丰度和可用性的变化来解释。
Diets of the Eurasian badger Meles meles were studied by seat analysis in three localities of eastern and central Poland, representing pristine forests and rural landscapes with little wood cover. In spring, earthworms constituted 82-89% of biomass consumed by badgers in all localities. In summer and autumn, the proportion declined to 56% in the pristine forest, and to 24% in the mosaic of forests, fields, and orchards. Supplementary resources at this time were amphibians (in forests) or garden fruits (in a rural landscape). Literature on badger diet composition in Europe showed that earthworms and Vegetable matter were the dominant food types of badgers, but their roles changed with latitude. The share of earthworms grew from nil at 37-40 degrees N to 40-70% at 55-63 degrees N; the opposite trend was observed for vegetable food. Also, of two major supplementary resources, vertebrates were taken by badgers more often at northern latitudes, and insects in the south. In consequence, the food niche of badgers was broadest at 45-55 degrees N and became narrow at both lower and higher latitudes. Moreover, in the temperate zone of Europe, the degree of habitat transformation by humans significantly affected badger feeding habits. In forests, badgers relied predominantly on earthworms (on average, 62% in diets). In farmlands and pastures, earthworms and plant material (usually garden fruit and cereals) played equally important roles (34% each). This biogeographical pattern of feeding habits can be explained by variation in abundance and availability of earthworms.