Genetic structure of spatial and verbal working memory
Genetic structure of spatial and verbal working memory
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1013353613591
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发表时间：
2001-11-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Wright, MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ando, J;Ono, Y;Wright, MJ
工作记忆 (WM) 包括短期记忆（存储）和执行功能，它们在所有形式的认知中发挥着重要作用。在这项研究中，使用双胞胎样本研究了参与空间和语言 WM 跨度任务的存储和执行功能的遗传结构。该样本由 143 对同卵 (MZ) 和 93 对双卵 (DZ) 日本双胞胎组成，年龄在 16 至 29 岁之间。在其中的 155 对（87 MZ，62 DZ）中，还获得了 Kyodai 日本智商测试的认知能力分数。 WM 与认知能力之间的表型关系得到证实（r = 0.26-0.44）。研究发现 WM 存储和执行功能的个体差异受到基因的显着影响，遗传力估计值均较高（43%-49%），认知能力估计值与之前的研究相当（65%）。空间和言语模式的存储和执行功能的遗传变异很大一部分是由于共同的遗传因素造成的，该遗传因素占变异的 11% 至 43%。在减少的样本中，这种共同的遗传因素分别解释了空间和语言认知能力差异的 64% 和 26%。 WM 中的额外遗传变异 (7%-30%) 是由于语态特定因素（空间和言语）以及对言语语态可能特别重要的存储特定因素造成的。认知能力的差异均不是由模式和存储遗传因素造成的，这表明这些可能是 WM 所特有的。
Working memory (WM) encompasses both short-term memory (storage) and executive functions that play an essential role in all forms of cognition. In this study, the genetic structure of storage and executive functions engaged in both a spatial and verbal WM span task is investigated using a twin sample. The sample consists of 143 monozygotic (MZ) and 93 dizygotic (DZ) Japanese twin pairs, ages 16 to 29 years. In 155 (87 MZ, 62 DZ) of these pairs, cognitive ability scores from the Kyodai Japanese IQ test are also obtained. The phenotypic relationship between WM and cognitive ability is confirmed (r = 0.26-0.44). Individual differences in WM storage and executive functions are found to be significantly influenced by genes, with heritability estimates all moderately high (43%-49%), and estimates for cognitive ability comparable to previous studies (65%). A large part of the genetic variance in storage and executive functions in both spatial and verbal modalities is due to a common genetic factor that accounts for 11% to 43% of the variance. In the reduced sample, this common genetic factor accounts for 64% and 26% of the variance in spatial and verbal cognitive ability, respectively. Additional genetic variance in WM (7%-30%) is due to modality specific factors (spatial and verbal) and a storage specific factor that may be particularly important for the verbal modality. None of the variance in cognitive ability is accounted for by the modality and storage genetic factors, suggesting these may be specific to WM.