The Bullwhip Effect in Supply Chains
The Bullwhip Effect in Supply Chains
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DOI：
10.4018/978-1-4666-5202-6.ch222
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Hohmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Hohmann
牛鞭效应是对影响供应链的需求变化的放大。当客户需求导致库存变化，而采购与销售不对应时，公司会受到牛鞭效应的影响，从而导致更大的可变性。这种现象可能发生在供应链中客户需求不变的情况下。据观察，供应链需求的可变性从最终用户到生产商的上游增加。牛鞭效应是一个在理论和实践中都得到广泛研究的现象。在批判性研究中，研究已经进行了模拟，实证调查，商业游戏和定性以及定量的方法。一方面，有研究探讨牛鞭效应的发生，另一些研究探讨如何减轻牛鞭效应。尽管人们已经对牛鞭效应进行了广泛的研究（Lee，Padmanabhan，& Whang，1997 a; Lee，Padmanabhan，& Whang，1997 b;参见迪士尼，Farasyn，Lambrecht，Towill &货车de Velde 2006对迄今为止所做研究的出色回顾），它仍然是一个具有挑战性的研究领域：牛鞭效应只会发生在供应链中，因此研究工作与供应链管理及其方法密切相关。全球化和技术创新的发展影响着供应链合作伙伴的协作，供应链管理也随之不断变化和发展。由此产生的需求，进一步研究供应链管理导致牛鞭效应的研究机会。背景
The bullwhip effect is an amplification of demand variability that affects supply chains. A company is subject to a bullwhip effect when customer demand leads to a change in inventory and purchases do not correspond to sales, thus leading to greater variability. The phenomenon may occur in cases of constant customer demand in a supply chain. It has been observed that supply chain demand variability increases upstream from end user to producer. The bullwhip effect is a well-studied phenomenon both in theory and practice. In critical study, research has been conducted on simulation, empirical investigations, business games and qualitative as well as quantitative approaches. On the one hand, there are studies that examine the occurrence of the bullwhip effect and others that examine its mitigation. Although extensive research has already been done on the bullwhip effect (Lee, Padmanabhan, & Whang, 1997a; Lee, Padmanabhan, & Whang, 1997b; see Disney, Farasyn, Lambrecht, Towill & Van de Velde 2006 for an excellent review of research done to date), it is still a challenging field of study: the bullwhip effect can only occur in supply chains and research is subsequently tied to supply chain management and its approaches. Supply chain management is subject to ongoing changes and developments as a result of globalization and technological innovation, which influence collaboration of supply chain partners. The resulting need for further research on supply chain management leads to research opportunities on the bullwhip effect. BACKGROUND