A spatial and temporal assessment of microplastics in seafloor sediments: A case study for the UK
A spatial and temporal assessment of microplastics in seafloor sediments: A case study for the UK
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DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2022.1093815
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发表时间：
2023-01-12
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Nicolaus, E. E. Manuel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bakir, Adil;Doran, Denise;Nicolaus, E. E. Manuel
海底沉积物被定义为海洋环境中微塑料的汇，因此可以作为长期监测的合适基质。在区域方面，采用海底沉积物中微塑料的共同指标将允许通过OSPAR等国际框架进行区域监测和评估。本研究介绍了监测 2013-2021 年期间英国海底沉积物中微塑料的出现和丰度的研发项目的结果，支持英国（英格兰和威尔士）海底沉积物中微塑料国家监测计划的制定。应用基于聚合物尼罗红染色与 mu-FTIR 结合的快速筛选技术，并使用 mu-FTIR-FPA 进行验证。每个调查年份（2013 年至 2021 年）在英国各地选取的 15 个监测站的所有 189 个沉积物样本中均检测到了微塑料颗粒。 2020年至2021年，微塑料浓度（20 - 5000μm）范围为133 - 6,933颗粒kg(-1)干重沉积物。微塑料主要由碎片（73%）、纤维（19%）和球体（8%）组成。塑料碎片的长度为46至3276μm，塑料纤维的长度为300至1731μm，平均直径为16μm。使用 mu-FTIR 进行的单颗粒分析表明，人造丝、PP、人造丝/尼龙/聚酯混合物、橡胶、PS、PE、PA、PVC、丙烯酸、EMAA 和 PET 很常见。碎片颜色主要为白色（46%），其次是棕色（38%）、黑色（1%）、蓝色（1%）和橙色（1%）。纤维颜色主要为白色（57%），其次是黑色（14%）、橙色（14%）和红色（14%）。英国区域海平面的趋势评估表明，几乎没有任何视觉证据表明任何区域海洋中微塑料丰度随时间推移出现任何趋势，但北海北部可能是个例外，其丰度在 2013 年至 2021 年期间随时间推移而减少。
Seafloor sediments have been defined as sinks for microplastics in the marine environment and could therefore represent suitable matrices for their long-term monitoring. On a regional aspect, the adoption of a common indicator for microplastics in seafloor sediments would allow regional monitoring and assessments through international frameworks such as OSPAR. This study presents the findings of a research and development project monitoring the occurrence and abundance of microplastics in UK seafloor sediments for the period 2013-2021, supporting the development of a national monitoring programme for microplastics in seafloor sediments for the UK (England and Wales). A fast-screening technique based on Nile Red staining of polymers coupled with mu-FTIR was applied and validated using mu-FTIR-FPA. Microplastic particles were detected in all 189 sediment samples from 15 stations selected around the UK for each investigated year (2013 - 2021). Microplastic concentrations (20 - 5000 mu m) ranged from 133 - 6,933 particles kg(-1) dry weight sediment for 2020-2021. Microplastics mainly consisted of fragments (73%), fibres (19%) and spheres (8%). Plastic fragments ranged from 46 to 3276 mu m and plastic fibres from 300 to 1731 mu m in length with a mean diameter of 16 mu m. Single particle analysis using mu-FTIR indicated a prevalence of Rayon, PP, Rayon/Nylon/Polyester blends, Rubber, PS, PE, PA, PVC, Acrylic, EMAA and PET. Fragments were mainly white in colour (46%) followed by brown (38%), black (1%), blue (1%) and orange (1%). Fibres were mainly white in colour (57%) followed by black (14%), orange (14%) and red (14%). A trend assessment at the UK regional seas levels indicated little visual evidence of any trends in the abundance of microplastics over time in any of the regional seas - with the possible exception of the Northern North Sea with a reduction in abundance over time for the time-period 2013-2021.