Initial formation of soil organic matter from grass residues in a long-term experiment
Initial formation of soil organic matter from grass residues in a long-term experiment
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长期实验中草渣初步形成土壤有机质
DOI：
10.1007/bf00395458
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发表时间：
1992
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
G. Reuter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Schulten;P. Leinweber;G. Reuter
本文通过长期定位试验，研究了秸秆还田对土壤有机质的影响（34年）在罗斯托克，德国（胡3）的腐殖质和土壤形成，通过元素分析（C和N）和热解场电离质谱法的草残留物，无腐殖质的壤质泥灰岩，这种壤质泥灰岩与草根的混合物，和整个土壤样品从第2，第7，第13，实验的第19年，第25年，第29年和第34年。两个草种的热解场离子化质谱和多花黑麦草是相似的，木质素二聚体和植物甾醇的信号特征占主导地位，在较高的质量和低质量的单和多糖。overandunderground植物成分之间的最显着的差异表示较高的相对丰度的木质素二聚体的茎和叶中的糖和木栓林衍生的植物甾醇的根。在无机物与有机物比例的影响研究中，无机基质的影响相对较弱：首先，在较低的质量范围内（m/z<250），其次，有机物浓度在1.0%和2.0%之间，第三，某些类别的化合物，如酚类，烷烃/烯烃，N杂环和单糖和多糖。土壤有机质分子组成的质的差异，显然是由于它的快速增加，在第一个7年的实验，主要源于相对丰富的木质素二聚体。然后，在稳态土壤有机质水平的时期，动态变化表明，略有富集的单糖和多糖，烷烃/烯烃，脂肪酸，氮杂环，和波动的数据酚/木质素单体，木质素二聚体，和N化合物的总和。Alkylaromatics在第13和19年之间急剧增加，并保持在较高水平。
SummaryThe formation of soil organic matter from grass residues was studied using samples of a long-term experiment (34 years) on humus and soil formation at Rostock, Germany (Hu 3), by elemental analyses (C and N) and pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry of grass residues, humus-free loamy marl, mixtures of this loamy marl with grass roots, and whole soil samples from the 2nd, 7th, 13th, 19th, 25th, 29th, and 34th year of the experiment. The pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectra of the two grass species Phleum pratense and Lolium multiflorum were similar insofar as signals characteristic of lignin dimers and phytosterols dominated at higher masses and for mono-and polysaccharides at lower masses. The most prominent differences between overand underground plant constituents were indicated by higher relative abundances of lignin dimers in the stems and leaves and of sugars and suberin-derived phytosterols in the roots. In the investigation of the influence of mineral to organic matter ratios, comparatively weak effects of the inorganic matrix were obtained: firstly, in the lower mass range (m/z<250), secondly, for organic matter concentrations between 1.0% and 2.0%, and thirdly, for certain classes of compounds such as phenols, alkanes/alkenes, N heterocycles and mono-and polysaccharides. The qualitative differences in the molecular composition of soil organic matter were clearly attributed to its rapid increase during the first 7 years of the experiment and largely originated from a relative enrichment of lignin dimers. Then, in the period of steady-state soil organic matter levels, dynamic changes were indicated by slight enrichments of mono-and polysaccharides, alkanes/alkenes, fatty acids, N heterocycles, and fluctuating data for phenols/lignin monomers, lignin dimers, and the sum of N compounds. Alkylaromatics showed a steep increase between the 13th and 19th years and remained then on a high level.