Prevalence of periodontal disease, its association with systemic diseases and prevention
Prevalence of periodontal disease, its association with systemic diseases and prevention
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发表时间：
2017-04
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通讯作者：
M. Nazir
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作者：
M. Nazir
牙周病在发达国家和发展中国家都很普遍，约占全球人口的20%-50%。牙周病在青少年、成年人和老年人中的高患病率使其成为一个公共卫生问题。吸烟、糟糕的口腔卫生、糖尿病、药物、年龄、遗传和压力等几个危险因素与牙周病有关。强有力的证据表明，牙周病与心血管疾病、糖尿病和不良妊娠结局等全身疾病之间存在关联。牙周病可能导致心血管疾病风险增加19%，在65岁及以上的人中，这种相对风险增加达到44%。患有严重牙周病的2型糖尿病患者的死亡风险是无牙周炎或轻度牙周炎的患者的3.2倍。牙周治疗已被证明能改善2型糖尿病受试者的血糖控制。牙周炎与母亲感染、早产、低出生体重和先兆子痫有关。口腔疾病预防战略应纳入慢性系统性疾病预防举措，以减少人口中的疾病负担。减少牙周病的发病率和流行率可以减少其相关的系统性疾病，还可以最大限度地减少其对保健系统的财政影响。希望医学、牙科医生和其他保健专业人员熟悉周围系统的联系和危险因素，并需要参考专门的牙科或牙周护理。
Periodontal diseases are prevalent both in developed and developing countries and affect about 20-50% of global population. High prevalence of periodontal disease in adolescents, adults, and older individuals makes it a public health concern. Several risk factors such as smoking, poor oral hygiene, diabetes, medication, age, hereditary, and stress are related to periodontal diseases. Robust evidence shows the association of periodontal diseases with systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Periodontal disease is likely to cause 19% increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease, and this increase in relative risk reaches to 44% among individuals aged 65 years and over. Type 2 diabetic individuals with severe form of periodontal disease have 3.2 times greater mortality risk compared with individuals with no or mild periodontitis. Periodontal therapy has been shown to improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetic subjects. Periodontitis is related to maternal infection, preterm birth, low birth weight, and preeclampsia. Oral disease prevention strategies should be incorporated in chronic systemic disease preventive initiatives to curtail the burden of disease in populations. The reduction in the incidence and prevalence of periodontal disease can reduce its associated systemic diseases and can also minimize their financial impact on the health-care systems. It is hoped that medical, dental practitioners, and other health-care professionals will get familiar with perio-systemic link and risk factors, and need to refer to the specialized dental or periodontal care.