Heat conservation during cold exposure in birds (vasomotor and respiratory implications).
Heat conservation during cold exposure in birds (vasomotor and respiratory implications).
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1751-8369.1983.tb00742.x
复制
发表时间：
1983-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Bech, C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johansen, K.;Bech, C.
本文综述了外周循环和呼吸在寒冷气候下维持鸟类热平衡中的作用机制。在鸟类的腿上发现了三种类型的动静脉热交换器(复杂的网状、简单的网状和场地相通的系统)。描述了不同类型房室结间的解剖学差异，并讨论了外周血流量的调节，以最大限度地保持热量和防止组织损伤。鼻侧逆流换热器将呼出空气的温度降低到远低于体温的值，是最大限度减少呼吸热量和水分损失的最重要机制。此外，由于呼吸模式的改变和支气管旁吸氧量的增加，导致呼吸量减少，通气量相对于摄氧量降低。因此，减少了热量和水的相对损失。
The mechanisms by :vhich peripheral circulation and respiration serve in maintaining thermal homeostasis in birds living in cold climates are reviewed. Three types of arteriovenous heat exchanger (an elaborate rete, asimple rete, and a venue comirantes system) are found in the legs of birds. The anatomical differences between the different types of A-V associations are described, and the regulation of peripheral blood flow, in respect to maximal heat conservation and prevention of tissue damage, is discussed. A nasal temporal counter current heat exchanger, lowering the temperature of the expired air to values considerably below the body temperature, is the most important mechanism for minimizing the respiratory heat and water loss. In addition, a decreased ventilatory requirement, caused by a changed respiratory pattern and an increased parabronchial oxygen extraction, lowers the amount of air ventilated relative to the amount of oxygen uptake. Thus, the relative loss of heat and water is reduced.