Fast and highly efficient liquid chromatographic methods for qualification and quantification of antibiotic residues from environmental waste
Fast and highly efficient liquid chromatographic methods for qualification and quantification of antibiotic residues from environmental waste
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DOI：
10.1016/j.microc.2022.107573
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发表时间：
2022-05
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Abhishesh Kumar Mehata;M. N. Lakshmi Suseela;P. Gokul;Ankit Kumar Malik;Matte Kasi Viswanadh;C. Singh;J. Selvin;M. S. Muthu
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文献类型：
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作者：
Abhishesh Kumar Mehata;M. N. Lakshmi Suseela;P. Gokul;Ankit Kumar Malik;Matte Kasi Viswanadh;C. Singh;J. Selvin;M. S. Muthu
抗生素是救命药物，从其进化之日起就在预防和减轻传染病方面发挥着关键作用。抗生素的大规模生产始于二十世纪，主要是天然抗菌分子的半合成衍生物和一些纯合成化合物。结果，整个细菌种群遭受了前所未有的抗生素进化压力，导致我们今天遇到的许多传染性微生物中抗菌素耐药性（AMR）的加速发展。在生态系统中持续处置和持续使用抗生素已被认为是不断演变的环境健康危害。事实证明，去除抗生素的传统技术（例如废水处理厂）效率低下。此外，应主动从环境基质中去除抗生素。为了让当局制定环境中抗生素处置及其限制的标准指南，有必要开发高效的分析方法来定性和定量环境基质中的抗生素残留。一般来说，环境基质中的抗生素很复杂并且低于纳克或皮克范围；因此，分析前的样品纯化和富集非常重要。本综述概述了环境基质中抗生素的采样技术、通过液液萃取、固相萃取、冻干和旋转蒸发进行的纯化和富集。该审查强调了使用高效液相色谱 (HPLC)、超高效液相色谱 (UPLC) 和液相色谱串联质谱 (LC-MS/MS) 对提取的抗生素进行的各种定性和定量。
Antibiotics are life-saving drugs, projecting their pivotal role in preventing and mitigating infectious diseases from the time of their evolution. The mass production of antibiotics was started in the twentieth century, primarily of semisynthetic derivatives of naturally occurring antimicrobial molecules and a few purely synthetic compounds. As a result, the whole bacterial populations were subjected to unprecedented antibiotic evolutionary pressures, leading to the accelerated development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among many infectious microorganisms that we encounter today. Consistent disposal and perseverance of antibiotics in ecosystems have been recognized as evolving environmental health hazards. Conventional techniques for removing antibiotics, such as wastewater treatment plants, have been proved to be inefficient. In addition, antibiotics should be proactively removed from environmental matrices. For setting the standard guideline by authorities for antibiotics disposal in the environment and their confinements, it is essential to develop highly efficient analytical methods for the qualification and quantification of antibiotic residues in the environmental matrices. Generally, antibiotics in the environmental matrices are complex and below the nanogram or picogram range; hence, sample purification and enrichment are quite essential prior to analysis. This review presents an overview of sampling techniques for antibiotics from environmental matrices, their purification and enrichment by liquid–liquid extraction, solid phase extraction, lyophilization and rotary evaporation. The review highlighted various qualification and quantification of extracted antibiotics that have been carried out by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS).