Combined effects of attention and motivation on visual task performance: transient and sustained motivational effects.
Combined effects of attention and motivation on visual task performance: transient and sustained motivational effects.
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DOI：
10.3389/neuro.09.004.2009
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Pessoa L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Engelmann JB;Damaraju E;Padmala S;Pessoa L
我们研究了大脑如何通过使用神经成像范例来整合动机和注意力信号，该范例除了持续的块相关反应之外，还提供了对瞬态线索和目标相关信号的单独估计。参与者执行波斯纳型任务，其中内源线索在 70% 的试验中预测目标位置，而动机则通过与任务绩效相关的不同现金激励的大小和效价来操纵。我们的研究结果表明，检测性能 (d′) 随激励价值的变化而增加。与此同时，大脑信号显示，绝对激励幅度的增加会导致特定于线索和目标的反应调节，这些反应独立于视觉皮层、额顶叶区域和皮层下区域的持续状态效应。有趣的是，在其中几个大脑区域也观察到了类似状态的激励效应，这表明瞬时和持续的功能磁共振成像信号可能有助于任务表现。对于提示期和阻止期，管理激励的效果与奖励敏感性的个体特征测量相关。总而言之，我们的研究结果支持这样一种观点，即动机通过增强一组分布式解剖部位的诱发反应来改善高要求注意力任务中的行为表现，其中许多部位以前与注意力处理有关。然而，动机的影响并不是简单的相加，因为在几个大脑区域的无效试验中，绝对动机的影响比有效试验更大，这可能是因为动机对这些部位的重新定向的影响比定向注意力机制的影响更大。
We investigated how the brain integrates motivational and attentional signals by using a neuroimaging paradigm that provided separate estimates for transient cue- and target-related signals, in addition to sustained block-related responses. Participants performed a Posner-type task in which an endogenous cue predicted target location on 70% of trials, while motivation was manipulated by varying magnitude and valence of a cash incentive linked to task performance. Our findings revealed increased detection performance (d′) as a function of incentive value. In parallel, brain signals revealed that increases in absolute incentive magnitude led to cue- and target-specific response modulations that were independent of sustained state effects across visual cortex, fronto-parietal regions, and subcortical regions. Interestingly, state-like effects of incentive were observed in several of these brain regions, too, suggesting that both transient and sustained fMRI signals may contribute to task performance. For both cue and block periods, the effects of administering incentives were correlated with individual trait measures of reward sensitivity. Taken together, our findings support the notion that motivation improves behavioral performance in a demanding attention task by enhancing evoked responses across a distributed set of anatomical sites, many of which have been previously implicated in attentional processing. However, the effect of motivation was not simply additive as the impact of absolute incentive was greater during invalid than valid trials in several brain regions, possibly because motivation had a larger effect on reorienting than orienting attentional mechanisms at these sites.
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