Survival and longevity of European rulers: geographical influences and exploring potential factors, including the Mediterranean diet - a historical analysis from 1354 to the twentieth century.
Survival and longevity of European rulers: geographical influences and exploring potential factors, including the Mediterranean diet - a historical analysis from 1354 to the twentieth century.
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欧洲统治者的生存和长寿：地理影响和探索潜在因素，包括地中海饮食 - 1354 年至 20 世纪的历史分析。
DOI：
10.1007/s11357-023-00957-5
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Forrai,Judit
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Madarász,Bálint;Fazekas-Pongor,Vince;Szarvas,Zsófia;Fekete,Mónika;Varga,JánosTamás;Tarantini,Stefano;Csiszar,Anna;Lionetti,Vincenzo;Tabák,AdamG;Ungvari,Zoltan;Forrai,Judit
欧洲寿命的显著区域差异受到环境因素和生活方式行为（包括饮食）的影响。本研究探讨了地理区域对欧洲统治者寿命的影响，从十四世纪到现在。通过分析历史记录和文献，我们的目标是确定特定地区的饮食模式和生活方式因素，这些因素可能有助于统治者的长寿。要测试的假设是，来自南欧国家的统治者，当地人民消费传统的地中海饮食，与其他地区的统治者相比，可能会表现出更长的寿命，因为这种饮食模式与健康有关。我们提取了每位统治者的全面信息，包括他们的性别、出生和死亡日期、年龄、登基年龄、统治时间、国家和死亡原因（自然与非自然）。为了确定他们的国籍，我们根据他们假设的现在居住地（2023年）对统治者进行了编码。利用EuroVoc地理分类，我们将这些国家分为四个区域：北方、西欧、南欧、中欧和东欧。虽然考克斯回归模型没有发现各地区之间的存活率存在显著差异，但按时间段分层的进一步分析揭示了有趣的趋势。与我们最初的预测相反，1354年至1499年之间，北方地区的生存率高于南方地区，而1500年至1749年之间各地区的生存率相似。然而，在1750年之后，除了南部地区，所有地区的生存率都有了显著提高，这表明医疗保健和生活方式因素的进步。这些研究结果强调了区域和时间段对健康和寿命的动态影响。有趣的是，尽管地中海饮食在欧洲南部地区很流行，但与其他地区的统治者相比，该地区的统治者并没有表现出更长的寿命。这表明，其他生活方式因素可能在他们的长寿中发挥了更重要的作用。总之，我们的研究揭示了欧洲统治者之间的地区，时间段和寿命之间的复杂关系。虽然地中海饮食通常与健康益处有关，但我们的研究结果表明，仅凭地中海饮食可能无法解释各地区统治者寿命的差异。进一步的研究是必要的，以探索其他生活方式因素对整个历史上欧洲统治者的健康和寿命的影响。
Significant regional variability in lifespan in Europe is influenced by environmental factors and lifestyle behaviors, including diet. This study investigates the impact of geographical region on the lifespan of European rulers spanning from the fourteenth century to the present day. By analyzing historical records and literature, we aim to identify region-specific dietary patterns and lifestyle factors that may have contributed to longer lifespans among rulers. The hypothesis to be tested is that rulers from Southern European countries, where the traditional Mediterranean diet is consumed by the local people, may exhibit longer lifespans compared to rulers from other regions, due to the well-documented health benefits associated with this dietary pattern. We extracted comprehensive information for each ruler, encompassing their sex, birth and death dates, age, age of enthronement, duration of rulership, country, and cause of death (natural vs. non-natural). To determine their nationality, we coded rulers based on their hypothetical present-day residence (2023). Utilizing the EuroVoc Geographical classification, we categorized the countries into four regions: Northern, Western, Southern, Central and Eastern Europe. While Cox regression models did not find significant differences in survival rates among regions, further analysis stratified by time periods revealed intriguing trends. Contrary to our initial predictions, the Northern region displayed better survival rates compared to the Southern region between 1354 and 1499, whereas survival rates were similar across regions from 1500 to 1749. However, after 1750, all regions, except the Southern region, exhibited significantly improved survival rates, suggesting advancements in healthcare and lifestyle factors. These findings underscore the dynamic influence of both region and time period on health and longevity. Interestingly, despite the prevalence of the Mediterranean diet in the Southern region of Europe, rulers from this region did not demonstrate longer lifespans compared to their counterparts in other regions. This suggests that additional lifestyle factors may have played a more prominent role in their longevity. In conclusion, our study sheds light on the intricate relationship between region, time period, and lifespan among European rulers. Although the Mediterranean diet is often associated with health benefits, our findings indicate that it alone may not account for differences in ruler longevity across regions. Further research is warranted to explore the impact of other lifestyle factors on the health and lifespan of European rulers throughout history.