The neurological ecology of fear: insights neuroscientists and ecologists have to offer one another
The neurological ecology of fear: insights neuroscientists and ecologists have to offer one another
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DOI：
10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00021
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发表时间：
2011-04-25
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Boonstra, Rudy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clinchy, Michael;Schulkin, Jay;Boonstra, Rudy
威胁生命的恐惧和压力会在大脑中留下不可磨灭的痕迹，创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）就是最明显的例子。许多研究PTSD动物模型的研究人员采用暴露于捕食者作为威胁生命的心理应激源，以模仿人类的经历，由此产生的文献已经证明了许多与PTSD患者相似的长期神经影响。尽管更为极端，但直到20世纪90年代，野生动物中由捕食者引起的恐惧和压力还没有被认为具有任何持久的影响，而最近的实验表明，对自由生活的动物的影响是足够持久的，甚至影响繁殖，尽管持久的神经影响仍然没有被探索。我们建议神经科学家和生态学家都可以从合作研究野生动物中捕食者引起的恐惧和压力的神经影响中获益匪浅。我们概述了实验室中采取的似乎最容易转化为现场的方法，并详细介绍了在野外研究动物可以为研究“创伤后应激障碍的捕食者模型”的研究人员提供的优势。"
That the fear and stress of life-threatening experiences can leave an indelible trace on the brain is most clearly exemplified by post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Many researchers studying the animal model of PTSD have adopted utilizing exposure to a predator as a life-threatening psychological stressor, to emulate the experience in humans, and the resulting body of literature has demonstrated numerous long-lasting neurological effects paralleling those in PTSD patients. Even though much more extreme, predator-induced fear and stress in animals in the wild was, until the 1990s, not thought to have any lasting effects, whereas recent experiments have demonstrated that the effects on free-living animals are sufficiently long-lasting to even affect reproduction, though the lasting neurological effects remain unexplored. We suggest neuroscientists and ecologists both have much to gain from collaborating in studying the neurological effects of predator-induced fear and stress in animals in the wild. We outline the approaches taken in the lab that appear most readily translatable to the field, and detail the advantages that studying animals in the wild can offer researchers investigating the "predator model of PTSD."