The evolution and consequences of sex-specific reproductive variance.
The evolution and consequences of sex-specific reproductive variance.
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DOI：
10.1534/genetics.113.156067
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发表时间：
2014-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Lehmann L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mullon C;Reuter M;Lehmann L
自然选择有利于增加其携带者产生的后代数量的等位基因。但在一个世代之间本质上不确定的世界中，选择也有利于减少后代数量差异的等位基因。如果以前的研究已经确立了这一原则，那么他们在很大程度上忽略了有性生殖的基本方面，以及因此对性别特异性生殖差异的选择如何运作。为了研究性别特异性生殖变异的进化和后果，我们提出了雌雄异体种群中表型进化的种群遗传模型，该模型包含了以前被忽视的生殖变异的组成部分。首先，我们得出在性别特异性选择下影响男性和/或女性生殖表型的突变固定的概率。我们发现，即使在最简单的情况下，当考虑到生殖方差时，选择的方向也会改变。特别是，之前未考虑的不同个体生殖输出之间的协方差预计将在决定选择方向方面发挥重要作用。然后，利用固定概率开发男性和女性联合表型进化的随机模型。我们发现，性别特异性的生殖变异可能是长期进化过程中的变化的原因。最后，该模型应用于父母照顾演变的例子。总体而言，我们的模型允许对有限且雌雄异株的种群中的社会特征进行进化分析，在现实的繁殖场景下，两性之间和两性之间可能发生相互作用。
Natural selection favors alleles that increase the number of offspring produced by their carriers. But in a world that is inherently uncertain within generations, selection also favors alleles that reduce the variance in the number of offspring produced. If previous studies have established this principle, they have largely ignored fundamental aspects of sexual reproduction and therefore how selection on sex-specific reproductive variance operates. To study the evolution and consequences of sex-specific reproductive variance, we present a population-genetic model of phenotypic evolution in a dioecious population that incorporates previously neglected components of reproductive variance. First, we derive the probability of fixation for mutations that affect male and/or female reproductive phenotypes under sex-specific selection. We find that even in the simplest scenarios, the direction of selection is altered when reproductive variance is taken into account. In particular, previously unaccounted for covariances between the reproductive outputs of different individuals are expected to play a significant role in determining the direction of selection. Then, the probability of fixation is used to develop a stochastic model of joint male and female phenotypic evolution. We find that sex-specific reproductive variance can be responsible for changes in the course of long-term evolution. Finally, the model is applied to an example of parental-care evolution. Overall, our model allows for the evolutionary analysis of social traits in finite and dioecious populations, where interactions can occur within and between sexes under a realistic scenario of reproduction.