BRAIN-STEM ORGANIZATION OF THE SWALLOWING NETWORK
BRAIN-STEM ORGANIZATION OF THE SWALLOWING NETWORK
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DOI：
10.1159/000118856
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发表时间：
1984-01-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
JEAN, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
JEAN, A
吞咽是一个复杂的运动序列，涉及口、咽、喉和食管中的几块肌肉的协调收缩。吞咽的运动序列完全可以在没有传入反馈的情况下进行，由神经元网络集中编程。该网络可分为三个层次：（i）传入水平，对应于网络的输入臂，即主要是孤束;（ii）传出水平，对应于网络的输出臂，即参与吞咽并位于三叉神经核、舌下神经核和疑核内的不同运动神经元池;（iii）对应于编程吞咽运动序列的神经元间网络的组织水平。组织化水平的“吞咽间神经元”位于两个髓区：（i）背侧区，包括孤束核（NST）和相邻的网状结构，和（ii）腹侧区，对应于疑核上方的外侧网状结构。位于NST区域内的神经元是中间神经元，它们主要组成启动和编程吞咽的网络部分。中央吞咽指令由这些神经元发出，在到达激发吞咽反应的不同运动神经元群之前，由腹外侧网状结构内的中间神经元传递。
Swallowing is a complex motor sequence involving the coordinated contraction of several muscles in the mouth, pharynx, larynx and esophagus. The motor sequence of swallowing, which can be entirely performed without afferent feedback, is centrally programmed by a neuronal network. This network can be divided into three levels: (i) an afferent level corresponding to the input arm to the network, that is mainly the solitary tract; (ii) an efferent level corresponding to the output arm of the network, that is the different pools of motoneurons involved in swallowing and localized within the trigeminal and hypoglossal nuclei and the nucleus ambiguus; (iii) an organizing level corresponding to the interneuronal network which programs the swallowing motor sequence. The ''swallowing interneurons'' of the organizing level are localized in two medullary regions: (i) a dorsal region including the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) and the adjacent reticular formation, and (ii) a ventral region corresponding to the lateral reticular formation above the nucleus ambiguus. Neurons localized within the NST region are interneurons which largely go to make up the part of the network which initiates and programs swallowing. Originating from these neurons, the central swallowing command is relayed by the interneurons within the ventrolateral reticular formation before reaching the different groups of motoneurons which excite the swallowing reactions.