Effects of enhanced insect feeding on the faecal microbiota and transcriptome of a family of captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
Effects of enhanced insect feeding on the faecal microbiota and transcriptome of a family of captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
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增强昆虫取食对圈养普通狨猴（Callithrix jacchus）家族粪便微生物群和转录组的影响
DOI：
10.1101/2021.08.05.455322
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Iriki Atsushi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yamazaki Yumiko;Moriya Shigeharu;Kawarai Shinpei;Morita Hidetoshi;Kikusui Takefumi;Iriki Atsushi
多年来，普通狨猴被广泛用于生物医学研究。营养控制是管理它们健康的一个重要因素，而昆虫的摄入对这一目的是有益的，因为普通狨猴经常以自然栖息地的昆虫为食。在这里，我们通过分析圈养狨猴的粪便微生物群和转录本，研究了增强昆虫摄食对肠道的影响。一个由6只狨猴组成的家庭被分为两组。在为期7天的干预期内，一组（昆虫喂养组，或IF组）每天每只狨猴喂食一只蟋蟀和一只巨型粉虫，而另一组（对照组，或C组）不喂食这些昆虫。从粪便样本中提取RNA以评估微生物群的生态和转录本，然后使用总RNA测序在干预前（Pre），干预后（Post）和干预后两周（Follow_up）的时间点进行比较。绒猴肠道菌群以厚壁菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门和变形菌门为优势门。线性判别分析显示，饲喂和未饲喂昆虫的微生物群特征存在差异。对差异表达基因的进一步分析显示，拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门分别增加和减少，对应于postandfollow_up条件下昆虫的可用性。在转录组中还检测到昆虫摄食特有的显著变化，其中一些变化与微生物群的波动同步，表明两者之间存在功能相关性或相互作用。这种微生物群和转录本的快速变化可能是通过绒猴的摄食生态，在野外形成的微生物群群落实现的。这些结果对于鉴定昆虫摄食的生理影响以产生更好的食物方案和检测目前无法识别的转录本提供了信息。
Common marmosets have been widely used in biomedical research for years. Nutritional control is an important factor in managing their health, and insect intake would be beneficial for that purpose because common marmosets frequently feed on insects in natural habitats. Here, we examined the effect of enhanced insect feeding on the gut by analysing the faecal microbiota and transcripts of captive marmosets. A family consisting of six marmosets was divided into two groups. During the seven-day intervention period, one group (the insect feeding group, or Group IF) was fed one cricket and one giant mealworm per marmoset per day, while the other (the control group, or Group C) was not fed these insects. RNA was extracted from faecal samples to evaluate the ecology and transcripts of the microbiota, which were then compared among time points before (Pre), immediately after (Post), and two weeks after the intervention (Follow_up) using total RNA sequencing. The gut microbiota of marmosets showedFirmicutes,Actinobacteria,Bacteroidetes, andProteobacteriaas dominant phyla. Linear discriminant analysis showed differential characteristics of microbiota with and without insect feeding treatment. Further analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed increases and decreases inBacteroidetesandFirmicutes, respectively, corresponding to the availability of insects under bothPostandFollow_upconditions. Significant changes specific to insect feeding were also detected within the transcriptome, some of which were synchronized with the fluctuations in the microbiota, suggesting a functional correlation or interaction between the two. The rapid changes in the microbiota and transcripts may be achieved by the microbiota community originally developed in the wild through marmosets’ feeding ecology. The results were informative for identifying the physiological impact of insect feeding to produce a better food regimen and for detecting transcripts that are currently unidentifiable.