The ACR4 receptor-like kinase is required for surface formation of epidermis-related tissues in Arabidopsis thaliana
The ACR4 receptor-like kinase is required for surface formation of epidermis-related tissues in Arabidopsis thaliana
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-313x.2004.02132.x
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发表时间：
2004-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Machida, Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Watanabe, M;Tanaka, H;Machida, Y
在高等植物中，分生组织细胞的外层，即原胚层，在胚胎发生早期形成，这层在分化组织中产生表皮。我们以前提出，拟南芥同源的crinkly 4（ACR 4），一个受体样蛋白激酶基因，将参与分化和/或维持表皮相关组织。在本研究中，我们通过反向遗传方法分离了acr 4功能丧失突变体。我们广泛的分析，使用透射电子显微镜和甲苯胺蓝测试-一种方法，最近已经开发的快速可视化的缺陷在叶角质层-表明，acr 4突变显着影响叶表皮细胞的分化，这表明类似的作用ACR 4和CR 4在叶表皮的分化。我们的acr 4突变体也有各种异常相关的表皮分化，其中包括混乱的珠被和胚珠内皮细胞层。此外，与ACR 4融合的绿色荧光蛋白优先定位于叶原基表皮中的侧质膜和基底质膜上，表明ACR 4在与相邻细胞接触的细胞表面的表皮分化中的作用。此外，ACR 4和异常叶形1（ALE 1）基因（编码一种假定的枯草杆菌蛋白酶样丝氨酸蛋白酶）的功能丧失突变协同影响表皮的功能，使大多数叶融合。因此，ACR 4似乎在营养和生殖组织中的适当表皮细胞的分化中起重要作用。
In higher plants, an outer layer of meristematic cells, the protoderm, forms early in embryogenesis and this layer gives rise to the epidermis in differentiating tissues. We proposed previously that an Arabidopsis thaliana homolog of crinkly4 (ACR4), a gene for a receptor-like protein kinase, would be involved in differentiation and/or maintenance of epidermis-related tissues. In the present study, we isolated loss-of-function acr4 mutants by a reverse genetic approach. Our extensive analyses using the transmission electron microscopy and the toluidine blue test - a method that has recently been developed for the rapid visualization of defects in the leaf cuticle - showed that the acr4 mutations significantly affected the differentiation of leaf epidermal cells, suggesting similar roles for ACR4 and CR4 in the differentiation of leaf epidermis. Our acr4 mutants also had various abnormalities related to epidermal differentiation, which included disorganized cell layers in the integument and endothelium of ovules. In addition, the green fluorescent protein fused to ACR4 was localized preferentially on the lateral and basal plasma membranes in the epidermis of the leaf primordia, suggesting a role for ACR4 in epidermal differentiation at cell surfaces that make contact with adjacent cells. Furthermore, the loss-of-function mutations in the ACR4 and ABNORMAL LEAF SHAPE1 (ALE1) genes, which encode a putative subtilisin-like serine protease, synergistically affected the function of the epidermis such that most leaves fused. Thus, ACR4 seems to play an essential role in the differentiation of proper epidermal cells in both vegetative and reproductive tissues.