Point of (no) return? Vegetation structure and diversity of restored mangroves in Sulawesi, Indonesia, 14-16 years on
Point of (no) return? Vegetation structure and diversity of restored mangroves in Sulawesi, Indonesia, 14-16 years on
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DOI：
10.1111/rec.13963
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Djamaluddin R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Djamaluddin R
惠及数百万人的红树林正在严重退化。全球认识到制止和扭转这一趋势的紧迫性，因此开展了许多恢复活动。通常通过估计红树林存活率和恢复面积来评估恢复成功，而很少考虑植被的多样性和结构作为功能性森林的替代物。在这里，我们评估沿着海-陆样带的红树林物种丰富度，并通过比较恢复活动发生后14年（Tiwoho站点）和16年（Likupang站点）的“单作再造林”、“混种更新”和相邻“参考”林分中的红树林物种数量、相对物种丰富度、生物量、直径和树冠覆盖率来评估恢复结果。在“单作再造林”样地中，红树林的多样性和结构仍然紧密地反映了原始的恢复行动，只有一个和两个“新”物种建立在原来密集种植的“基础”物种之间。相比之下，“混种更新”样地在树木直径和冠层覆盖度方面更接近于“参考”样地，但物种数量、丰富度和生物量仍然较低。“混合物种再生”地块的轨迹表明，它们与“参考”林分的相似性将随着时间的推移而增加，而在可预见的未来，这种“平稳”的过渡不太可能发生在种植的“单一栽培再造林”林分中。在恢复森林管理中实施频繁的小规模干扰将增加林分结构和多样性，加速建立更自然，功能更强和更有弹性的森林。
Mangrove forests, benefitting millions of people, experience significant degradation. Global recognition of the urgency of halting and reversing this trend have initiated numerous restoration activities. Restoration success is typically evaluated by estimating mangrove survival and area restored, while diversity and structure of vegetation, as proxies for functional forests, are rarely considered. Here we assess mangrove species richness along sea‐landward transects and evaluate restoration outcomes by comparing number of mangrove species, relative species abundance, biomass, diameter, and canopy cover in “Monoculture Reforestation”, “Mixed Species Regeneration” and adjacent “Reference” forest stands, 14 (Tiwoho site) and 16 years (Likupang site) after restoration activities took place. In the “Monoculture Reforestation” plots, mangrove diversity and structure still closely reflected the original restoration actions, with only one and two “new” species having established among the originally densely planted “foundation” species. In contrast, the “Mixed Species Regeneration” plots were more similar to the “Reference” plots in terms of tree diameter and canopy coverage, but species number, abundance and biomass were still lower. The trajectory of the “Mixed Species Regeneration” plots suggests their similarity with the “Reference” stands will increase over time, whereas such “smooth” transition is unlikely to happen in the planted “Monoculture Reforestation” stands, in the foreseeable future. Implementing frequent small‐scale disturbances in restored forest management would increase stand structure and diversity, accelerating the establishment of a more natural, and likely more functional and resilient forest.