Understanding the Permafrost-Hydrate System and Associated Methane Releases in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf
Understanding the Permafrost-Hydrate System and Associated Methane Releases in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf
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DOI：
10.3390/geosciences9060251
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发表时间：
2019-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Chuvilin, Evgeny
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shakhova, Natalia;Semiletov, Igor;Chuvilin, Evgeny
本文总结了目前的理解，确定在北冰洋最大，最浅的大陆架海底冻土水合物系统的动态过程;东西伯利亚北极大陆架（ESAS）。我们回顾关键的环境因素和机制，确定形成，目前的动力学，和海底永冻层的热状态，其不稳定的机制，其解冻率;本文的一个完整的部分是专门讨论这个问题。另一个重要问题是，在浅地层深度和浅大陆架环境中可能存在与永冻层有关的水合物。我们回顾了历史和早期的见解，然后通过广泛的审查实验工作，以建立浅北极水合物的物理学的主题。我们还提供了一个主要的（简化）方案解释正常和改变动态的永冻层水合物系统的冰川间冰期气候时代交替。我们还审查了甲烷释放的具体特点，由海底永冻层系统的当前状态和未来可能的动态。本综述介绍了1994-2000年和2003-2017年两个时期ESAS中获得的甲烷结果。最后一节专门讨论为更好地理解这一主题而需要开展的未来工作。
This paper summarizes current understanding of the processes that determine the dynamics of the subsea permafrost-hydrate system existing in the largest, shallowest shelf in the Arctic Ocean; the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS). We review key environmental factors and mechanisms that determine formation, current dynamics, and thermal state of subsea permafrost, mechanisms of its destabilization, and rates of its thawing; a full section of this paper is devoted to this topic. Another important question regards the possible existence of permafrost-related hydrates at shallow ground depth and in the shallow shelf environment. We review the history of and earlier insights about the topic followed by an extensive review of experimental work to establish the physics of shallow Arctic hydrates. We also provide a principal (simplified) scheme explaining the normal and altered dynamics of the permafrost-hydrate system as glacial-interglacial climate epochs alternate. We also review specific features of methane releases determined by the current state of the subsea-permafrost system and possible future dynamics. This review presents methane results obtained in the ESAS during two periods: 1994-2000 and 2003-2017. A final section is devoted to discussing future work that is required to achieve an improved understanding of the subject.