WHY DO ROADS CORRUGATE
WHY DO ROADS CORRUGATE
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为什么道路会出现波纹
DOI：
10.1038/scientificamerican0163-128
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发表时间：
1963
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
K. B. Mather
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. B. Mather
在今天的美国，开车的人仍然可以从250万英里长的铺面公路上找到路，进入总共100万英里长的泥土和砾石小路。在这些道路上，即使是在一个良好的弹簧，休克-1963年的汽车，他迟早会经历由波纹表面通常被称为“洗衣板”或“灯芯绒”延伸产生的扭曲振动。“如果天气干燥，在平坦的路段上，他的通行将不可避免地开始一个过程，在表面上形成平行的波峰和波谷的横向图案，这些图案可能会涟漪沿着几码或几英里。路面平整度的问题已经解决了，它可以通过铺设来治愈。它也已经解决了在这个意义上，波纹表面可以被证明是完全可以理解的结果，滚动的车轮和未铺砌的道路的相互作用。然而，在那些费用高、交通密度低的地区，道路未铺设的问题仍然没有得到解决。这个问题对美国驾车者来说可能是个小问题（也许是对哥伦比亚外围地区隐私的一种受欢迎的保证），但它构成了世界其他地方地面交通的一个主要障碍，特别是在发展中国家，那里有数万英里的新的地面道路，在可预见的未来不太可能铺设。因此，从实用的角度出发，同时也为了满足科学的要求，有必要对道路塌陷的物理机理进行研究。我们在梅尔伯恩大学的研究已经收集了围绕这个问题的民间传说的一个公平的样本。在干燥的澳大利亚内陆，数百英里的道路都是漂亮的波纹状，
In the US today the motorist can still find his way off the 2.5 million miles of paved highway onto the earth and gravel byways that total a million miles in length. On these roads, even in a well-sprung, shock-absorbered 1963 automobile, he will sooner or later experi ence shuddering vibrations generated by stretches of corrugated surface often called" washboard" or" corduroy." Over the smooth stretches his passage will, in dry weather, inevitably start the process that imposes on the surface a transverse pattern of parallel crests and valleys that may ripple along for a few yards or for miles on end. The problem of road cor rugation has been solved in the sense that it can be cured by paving. It has also been solved in the sense that the corrugated surface can be shown to be the fully understandable result of the jnteraction of rolling wheels and un paved roads. This still leaves the prob lem of road corrugation unsolved, how ever, in those regions where high cost and low traffic density keep roads un paved. The problem may be a minor one for the US motorist (and perhaps a welcome assurance of privacy in the outer reaches of suburbia), but it con stitutes a major impediment to surface transportation elsewhere in the world, particularly in the developing countries where there are tens of thousands of miles of new earth-surfaced roads that are unlikely to be paved in the foresee able future. So from a practical stand point, as well as to satisfy scientific cu riosity, the physical mechanism of road corrugation warrants investigation. Our studies at the University of Mel bourne have gathered a fair sampling of the folklore that surrounds the ques tion. In the dry" outback" of Australia, where the roads for hundreds of miles are beautifully corrugated, the condition