Sex Differences in Immune System Aging and Responsiveness to Vaccination.
Sex Differences in Immune System Aging and Responsiveness to Vaccination.
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免疫系统老化和疫苗反应的性别差异。
DOI：
10.1093/ppar/prad027
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ucar,Duygu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yanicke,Steven;Ucar,Duygu
根据世界卫生组织的数据，到2050年，65岁以上的成年人占世界总人口的比例将从10%跃升至20%。这种人口结构的变化将给我们的医疗保健系统增加重大负担，因为老年人更容易患慢性疾病（癌症、糖尿病、心脏病、感染），更有可能住院或死于这些疾病。然而，并不是每个人都以相同的方式甚至以相同的速度衰老，这是一个可以用来更好地理解和潜在地减缓衰老的事实。通过揭示导致个体特异性衰老变化的因素和健康衰老的特征，我们可以设计出延长个体寿命和健康寿命（即一个人生命中的健康年数）的策略。Ucar实验室专注于揭示免疫系统衰老中的个体水平变化和发现健康衰老的生物标志物（Márquez et al.，2020; Ravichandran等人，2023年; Ucar等人，2017年）。需要健康的免疫系统来预防和对抗许多与衰老有关的疾病，包括传染病。我们的免疫系统随着年龄的增长而发生重大变化，降低了我们对抗疾病的能力，包括多种现成疫苗治疗的疾病。例如，90%的流感相关死亡和50%-70%的流感相关住院发生在65岁以上的成年人中。虽然疫苗可以有效保护个人免受这些传染病的侵害，但只有40%-50%的老年人在接种疫苗后免受流感感染，而对于儿童和年轻人来说，保护率要高得多。该实验室的研究使命是揭示免疫系统中与年龄相关的变化，这些变化对老年人的健康结果产生负面影响，并揭示生物性别对免疫系统衰老的作用。在免疫系统中存在重大的性别特异性差异，因此在发展某些免疫性疾病的倾向上也存在重大差异。例如，90%的系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）患者是女性，SLE是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病，可导致关节疼痛、发热、皮疹和器官损伤。另一方面，男性更容易受到
The proportion of adults older than 65 years will jump from 10% to 20% of the total world population by 2050, according to the World Health Organization. This shift in demographics will add a significant burden to our health care system because older adults are more prone to chronic diseases (cancer, diabetes, heart diseases, infections) and are more likely to be hospitalized or die from these diseases. However, not everyone ages the same way or even at the same rate, which is a fact that can be harnessed to better understand and potentially slow down aging. By uncovering the factors that contribute to individual-specific variation in aging and the features of healthy aging, we can devise strategies to extend both the lifespan and healthspan (ie, healthy years of a person’s life) of individuals.The Ucar lab focuses on uncovering individual-level variation in immune system aging and on discovering biomarkers of healthy aging (Márquez et al., 2020; Ravichandran et al., 2023; Ucar et al., 2017). A healthy immune system is required to prevent and combat many aging-related diseases, including infectious diseases. Our immune system goes through significant changes with aging that reduce our ability to fight diseases, including diseases with multiple readily available vaccine treatments. For example, 90% of influenza-related deaths and 50%–70% of influenza-related hospitalizations occur among adults older than 65 years. Although vaccines are effective to protect individuals against these infectious diseases, only 40%–50% of older adults are protected against influenza infections after vaccination, whereas for children and younger adults, the protection rate is much higher. The research mission of the laboratory is to uncover age-related changes in the immune system that negatively affect health outcomes of older individuals and uncover the role of biological sex on immune system aging. There are major sex-specific differences in the immune system and consequently in the propensity to develop certain immunological diseases. For example, 90% of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients—a chronic autoimmune disease that can cause joint pain, fever, rashes, and organ damage—are women. On the other hand, men are more susceptible