Flavourings significantly affect inhalation toxicity of aerosol generated from electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS)
Flavourings significantly affect inhalation toxicity of aerosol generated from electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS)
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DOI：
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053205
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Goniewicz, Maciej L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Leigh, Noel J.;Lawton, Ralph I.;Goniewicz, Maciej L.
背景电子香烟或电子尼古丁递送系统（ENDS）被设计为通过吸入递送含尼古丁的气雾剂。鲜为人知的是，对健康的影响，调味ENDS气溶胶时insufficient.Methods气溶胶从ENDS产生使用吸烟机。测试了各种类型的ENDS装置或预填充有不同口味的液体、尼古丁载体、可变尼古丁浓度和修改的电池输出电压的罐系统。使用了具有烟草、椰林飘香、薄荷醇、咖啡和草莓风味名称的商业流体的方便样品。使用气相色谱/质谱法鉴定调味化学品。H292人支气管上皮细胞直接暴露于55喷新鲜产生的ENDS气溶胶，烟草烟雾或空气（对照）使用空气-液体界面系统和加拿大卫生部强烈吸烟协议。结果与空气对照组相比，ENDS气溶胶暴露可导致代谢活性和细胞活性降低，白细胞介素（IL）-1、IL-6、IL-10、CXCL 1、CXCL 2和CXCL 10的释放增加。细胞活力和代谢活性更不利地影响传统香烟比大多数测试的ENDS产品。产品类型，电池输出电压和口味显着影响毒性的ENDS气溶胶，草莓味的产品是最cytotoxic.Conclusions我们的数据表明，ENDS产品的特性，包括口味，可能会引起吸入毒性。因此，在进行更全面的研究之前，ENDS用户应谨慎使用产品。
Background E-cigarettes or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are designed to deliver nicotine-containing aerosol via inhalation. Little is known about the health effects of flavoured ENDS aerosol when inhaled.Methods Aerosol from ENDS was generated using a smoking machine. Various types of ENDS devices or a tank system prefilled with liquids of different flavours, nicotine carrier, variable nicotine concentrations and with modified battery output voltage were tested. A convenience sample of commercial fluids with flavour names of tobacco, pina colada, menthol, coffee and strawberry were used. Flavouring chemicals were identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. H292 human bronchial epithelial cells were directly exposed to 55 puffs of freshly generated ENDS aerosol, tobacco smoke or air (controls) using an air-liquid interface system and the Health Canada intense smoking protocol. The following in vitro toxicological effects were assessed: (1) cell viability, (2) metabolic activity and (3) release of inflammatory mediators (cytokines).Results Exposure to ENDS aerosol resulted in decreased metabolic activity and cell viability and increased release of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-10, CXCL1, CXCL2 and CXCL10 compared to air controls. Cell viability and metabolic activity were more adversely affected by conventional cigarettes than most tested ENDS products. Product type, battery output voltage and flavours significantly affected toxicity of ENDS aerosol, with a strawberry-flavoured product being the most cytotoxic.Conclusions Our data suggest that characteristics of ENDS products, including flavours, may induce inhalation toxicity. Therefore, ENDS users should use the products with caution until more comprehensive studies are performed.